Since the 1970s, the U.S. Department of Justice has both funded and authored a variety of studies and reports relevant to the provision of indigent defense services. Where possible, links to the reports have been included and more will come on line in the coming months. As we work to make this a comprehensive bibliography of indigent defense materials authored or funded by the Department, please contact the Access to Justice Initiative at 202-514-5312 about any appropriate publications that may be missing from this list.

Title	Author	Year	Funded By	Description
Assigned Counsel vs. Public Defender Systems in Virginia: A Comparison of Relative Benefits (NCJ 94561)	Larry J. Cohen, Patricia P. Semple, Paul Radtke and Robert E. Crew, Jr. (American Institutes for Research)	1982	National Institute of Justice	This text compares assigned counsel systems and public defender systems, including analysis on costs, quality and implications.
The Plight of the Indigent Accused in America - An Examination of Alternative Models for Providing Criminal Defense Services to the Poor: Executive Summary (NCJ 98678); Volume I - Complete Descriptive Report (NCJ 98679); Volume II - Policy-Makers' Report (NCJ 98680); Volume III – Report of Methodology (NCJ 98681)	Nancy Albert-Goldberg, Marshall J. Hartman, William J. Obrien, Pauline Houlden, and Steven Balkin (National Defender Institute)	1981	National Institute of Justice	This report presents the findings, conclusions, and policy implications of the study of the Role of Private Counsel in Indigent Defense. The study provides practical information on the benefits, limitations, and costs of traditional assigned counsel programs and alternative programs
Operating a Defender Office – Participant’s Handbook (NCJ 66780)	Burke E. Dorworth, Laurence A. Benner, Nancy Albert Goldberg, Marshall J. Hartman, Harold S. Jacobson and Bonnie E. McFadden (University Research Corporation)	1979	National Institute of Justice	This workshop handbook, part of the National Criminal Justice Executive Training Program, sets forth training programs for defender office managers to improve management and monitoring techniques. Topics include how defender offices can best organize, monitor, and manage the effective delivery of services to clients; budgeting; personnel administration; and external office relationships.
Operating a Defender Office – Trainer’s Handbook (NCJ 66551)	Burke E. Dorworth, Laurence A. Benner, Nancy Albert Goldberg, Marshall J. Hartman, Harold S. Jacobson, Bonnie E. McFadden (University Research Corporation)	1979	Law Enforcement Assistance Administration	This workshop handbook, part of the National Criminal Justice Executive Training Program, sets forth training programs for defender office managers to improve management and monitoring techniques. Topics include how defender offices can best organize, monitor, and manage for effective delivery of services to clients; budgeting; personnel administration; and external office relationships.
Operating a Defender Office - Manual (NCJ 66779)	Burke E. Dorworth (Criminal Justice Research Utilization Program)	1979	National Institute of Justice	Two papers discusd: 1) the problem of increasing workloads by a public defender in Solano County, CA and the procedure prescribed by the Association of Legal Aid attorneys regarding workload and individual limitation of workload; and 2) caseload litigation based on the refusal of the Colorado State Public Defender to accept further appointments because case overload and an evaluation of the Maryland Public Defender's office is given.
Public Defender Programs: A Selected Bibliography (NCJ 49096)	Anthony A. Cain and Marjorie Kravitz (National Criminal Justice Reference Service)	1978	Law Enforcement Assistance Administration	This bibliography provides reference to works that review and evaluate the experiences of various public defenders systems.
Guide to Establishing a Defender System (NCJ 44091)	Nancy Albert Goldberg and Jay Lawrence Lichtman (National Institute of Law Enforcement and Criminal Justice)	1978	Law Enforcement Assistance Administration	This Guide discusses issues for stable, effective indigent defense systems, including funding and organization structure, as well as procedures for establishing public defender, private defender, and mixed, and assigned counsel systems.
Indigent Defense Systems Analysis Project – Final Report (NCJ 043542)	Shelvin Singer, Beth Lynch, Karen Smith (National Legal Aid and Defender Association)	1976	The Law Enforcement Assistance Administration/National Institute Justice	This is a study of defense services for indigents and of plea-bargaining practices as they relate to indigent defendants. The study report offers a description of the staffing, operations, and caseloads of the defense system surveyed and an analysis of plea-bargaining practices in these systems.
Evaluation Design for the Offices of the Public Defender (NCJ 36019)	Roberta Rovner-Pieczenik, Alan Rapoport and Martha Lane (National Legal Aid & Defender Association)	1976	Law Enforcement Assistance Administration	This handbook assesses the quality of services being delivered by public defenders through evaluation of delivery of legal and supportive services, quality of representation, and functioning as an adversary.
Guidelines for Legal Defense Systems in the United States: Report of the National Study Commission on Defense Services - Final Report 1976 (NCJ 41494)	National Legal Aid & Defender Association	1976	Law Enforcement Assistance Administration	This Summary of Recommendations from the National Study Commission on Defense Services, excerpts the Guidelines from the comprehensive Report of the U.S. Department of Justice-funded Commission convened by the National Legal Aid and Defender Association.