• National Institute on Drug Abuse, Research Report - Cocaine Abuse and Addiction, www.nida.nih.gov/researchreports/cocaine/cocaine.html.
• Drug Enforcement Administration, Office of Diversion Control, www.deadiversion.usdoj.gov/drugs_concern/cocaine/cocaine.htm.
• National Institute on Drug Abuse, InfoFacts: Crack and Cocaine, www.drugabuse.gov/Infofacts/cocaine.html. Snorting is the process of inhaling cocaine powder through the nose, where it is absorbed into the bloodstream through the nasal tissues. Injecting is the use of a needle to release the drug directly into the bloodstream; any needle use increases a user’s risk of contracting HIV and other blood-borne infections. Smoking involves inhaling cocaine vapor or smoke into the lungs, where absorption into the bloodstream is as rapid as by injection.

• Today, cocaine is a Schedule II drug under the Controlled Substances Act of 1970, meaning that it has high potential for abuse, but can be administered by a doctor for legitimate medical uses, such as local anesthesia for some eye, ear, and throat surgeries.

• Office of National Drug Control Policy (ONDCP), Cocaine Street Terms

• National Institute on Drug Abuse, Research Report - Cocaine Abuse and Addiction, www.nida.nih.gov/researchreports/cocaine/cocaine.html.

• National Institute on Drug Abuse, Research Report - Cocaine Abuse and Addiction, www.nida.nih.gov/researchreports/cocaine/cocaine.html.

• National Drug Intelligence Center, National Drug Threat Assessment 2006.

• National Drug Intelligence Center, National Drug Threat Assessment 2006.
• “Lifetime” refers to use at least once during a respondent’s lifetime.
• Office of National Drug Control Policy, Drug Facts, Cocaine, www.ondcp.gov/drugfact/cocaine/index.html.
• Drug Enforcement Administration, Office of Diversion Control, www.deadiversion.usdoj.gov/drugs_concern/cocaine/cocaine.htm.

• United States Sentencing Commission, 2005 Sourcebook of Federal Sentencing Statistics

• In 2005, the DEA seized 118,270 kgs of cocaine. For prior years, click here.

• USDOJ/OIG Special Report, THE CIA-CONTRA-CRACK COCAINE CONTROVERSY: A REVIEW OF THE JUSTICE DEPARTMENT’S INVESTIGATIONS AND PROSECUTIONS (December, 1997), www.usdoj.gov/oig/special/9712/.
• The Controlled Substances Act of 1970.
• Dr. Peter G. Bourne, a drug expert who would later become President Carter's Special Assistant to the President on Health Issues, wrote in 1974: "Cocaine ... is probably the most benign of illicit drugs currently in widespread use .... Short acting -- about 15 minutes -- not physically addicting, and acutely pleasurable, cocaine has found increasing favor at all socioeconomic levels in the last year." Peter G. Bourne, "The Great Cocaine Myth," Drugs and Drug Abuse Education Newsletter 5: 5 (1974). See also, F.H. Gawin and H.D. Kleber, "Evolving Conceptualizations of Cocaine Dependence," Yale Journal of Biological Medicine 61: 123-136 (1988).
• USDOJ/OIG Special Report, THE CIA-CONTRA-CRACK COCAINE CONTROVERSY: A REVIEW OF THE JUSTICE DEPARTMENT’S INVESTIGATIONS AND PROSECUTIONS (December, 1997), www.usdoj.gov/oig/special/9712/.

• Treatment Publications and Research
• Treatment and Patient Education
• Treatment Facility Locator

• Click here to see high resolution photos of cocaine>>

• Click here to read DEA news releases involving cocaine>>

• Cocaine Price/Purity Analysis

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Last updated: March 2010