767

Indirect Criminal Contempt—Persons Against Whom the Action May Be Commenced

To be held in criminal contempt for violation of a court order, the defendant must be an original party, one legally identified with an original party, or an aider and abettor of one of the above enumerated persons. Backo v. Local 281, United Brothers of Carpenters and Joiners, 438 F.2d 176, 180-81 (2d Cir. 1970), cert. denied, 404 U.S. 858 (1971); Reich v. United States, 239 F.2d 134, 137 (1st Cir. 1956), cert. denied, 352 U.S. 1004 (1957). But see Manness v. Meyers, 419 U.S. 449 (1975) (attorney giving good faith legal advice not to be found in contempt). [cited in USAM 9-39.000]