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Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia

Citizenship and Country Documents

US Government Reports
  • State Department - Country Documents
  • Library of Congress - Law Library of Congress (LLOC)
    • Family Reunification Laws in Selected Jurisdictions - July 2014

Foreign Government Reports

  • Australian Migration Review Tribunal - Refugee Review Tribunal
  • Canada Responses to Information Requests (RIRs)
    • ETH105630.E - Ethiopia: Appearance and information contained in identity cards and birth certificates issued in the Somali Region – Oct. 2016
    • ETH105567.E - Ethiopia: Availability of fraudulent identity documents; state efforts to combat document fraud – July 2016
    • ETH105301.E - Ethiopia: For passport applicants in Ethiopia, whether passport photographs are taken by staff at government passport offices or are provided by the applicant – Sept. 2015
    • ETH105190.E - Ethiopia: Passport issuance procedures within the country; information included in the passport – May 2015
    • ETH104975.E - Membership cards of the Union for Democracy and Justice party (UDJ), including issuance requirements and procedures, details of their format, security features and production - Jan. 2015
    • ZZZ105007.E - Ethiopia and Saudi Arabia: Requirements and procedures for a citizen of Ethiopia to obtain an Ethiopian biometric passport in Saudi Arabia; instances in which a passport would not be issued after application – Nov. 2014
    • ETH104950.E - Ethiopia: Appearance of identity cards and birth certificates issued in Addis Ababa, including description of features, variation in appearance, and issuing authorities – Oct. 2014
    • ETH104896.E - Ethiopia: Requirements and procedures for an individual born in Ethiopia to Ethiopian parents to reclaim citizenship, including if the individual holds citizenship in another country - June 2014
    • ZZZ104428.E - Description of the Ethiopian Kebele/citizenship card; whether Saudi Arabia issues identity cards for Ethiopian nationals, including description - May 2013
    • ZZZ103446.E - Yemen/Ethiopia: Whether an Ethiopian-born citizen, whose father is a citizen of Yemen, is entitled to Yemen citizenship; if so, what procedures must be followed in order to obtain Yemen citizenship; whether obtaining citizenship is automatic upon application, or whether there are conditions, such as renouncing Ethiopian citizenship - April 2010 
    • ETH103317.FE - Ethiopia: Procedures that Ethiopian citizens must follow in order to obtain identity documents from consulates or missions in Canada; registration of births and the issuance procedure for birth certificates - Dec. 2009
    • ZZZ100423.E - Citizenship of children born in Ethiopia between 1960-1976 to Djibouti nationals - Nov. 2005 (PDF)
    • ETH100912.E - Process for obtaining ID documents from consulates abroad; birth registration and issuance of birth certificates - Jan 2006
  • Danish Immigration Service
    • Documents and citizenship and Ethnic Groups/Eritreans - Nov. 2018
 

Non-Government Organization Reports

  • Amnesty International
    • Saudi Arabia: “It’s like we are not human”: Forced returns, abhorrent detention conditions of Ethiopian migrants in Saudi Arabia - Dec. 2022
  • CORI Country Report: Ethiopia

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Children

US Government Reports  

Non-Government Organization Reports

  • Child Soldiers Global International - 2008
  • Human Rights Watch
    • Lessons in Repression: Violations of Academic Freedom in Ethiopia – Jan. 2003

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Corruption

Foreign Government Reports

  • UK Home Office Country Policy and Information Note - Ethiopia: Background information, including actors of protection and internal relocation - Sept. 2020
  • Australian Migration Review Tribunal - Refugee Review Tribunal
    • ETH33781 - Sept. 2008
      1. Please provide an update on the status of police corruption in Ethiopia.

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Disabilities

Elections

US Government Reports
  • Congressional Research Service

Non-Government Organization Reports

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Ethnic Groups / Race

 

Foreign Government Reports

  • Canada Responses to Information Requests (RIRs)
    • ETH200541.E - Ethiopia: Ethnic groups [nationalities], including regional distribution, socio-cultural characteristics, and perceived political affiliations; the relationship between perceived ethnicity and political affiliation; the kebele card and whether it identifies an individual's ethnic group - Oct. 2022
    • ETH200769.FE - Ethiopia: Situation of Oromos, Amharas, Gurages and Gedeos in regions other than Tigray; treatment of these ethnic groups by society and by authorities; state protection (2019–October 2021) - Oct. 2021
    • ETH200765.E - Ethiopia: The situation of different ethnic groups in Addis Ababa, including access to housing, employment, education, and healthcare; particularly the Amhara [Amara], Oromo, Tigrayan, Gurage, and Gedeo people, and their treatment by Oromo nationalists and by the Qeerroo [Qerro]; state protection (2019–September 2021) - Oct. 2021
  • Australian Migration Review Tribunal - Refugee Review Tribunal
    • ETH34682 - Apr. 2009
      1. Is there evidence of government instigated conflict between Tigrayans and other ethnic groups in Ethiopia?
    • ETH33166 - Apr. 2008
      1. What is the ethnic composition of Yirgalem?

Non-Government Organization Reports

  • World Directory of Minorities - Ethiopia Overview
  • Human Rights Watch
    • "What Will Happen if Hunger Comes?" Abuses against the Indigenous Peoples of Ethiopia's Lower Omo Valley - Jun. 2012
  • Minority Rights Group International - State of the World's Minorities and Indigenous Peoples - 2016

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Ethnic Groups / Race - Oromo

Foreign Government Reports
  • Australian Migration Review Tribunal - Refugee Review Tribunal
    • ETH36379 - Mar. 2010
      1. Please provide information on any oppression by the Ethiopian Government of Oromo people including discrimination in education and employment.
    • ETH35418 - Sept. 2009 
      1. When was the Matcha and Tulama Association formed in Ethiopia?
      2. Could a person have worked for the association in the mid to late 1950's?
    • ETH32967 - Feb. 2008
      1. Please provide information on (i) demonstrations at Addis Ababa University in 2001; (ii) any significance to Oromo ethnicity?; (iii) treatment of CUD supporters; (iv) exit procedures.
  • UK Home Office - Background Note - Oromos - March 2022

Non-Government Organization Reports

  • Austrian Centre for Country of Origin and Asylum Research and Documentation (ACCORD)
  • World Directory of Minorities -Oromo
  • CORI Country Report: Ethiopia - Oromo - Jan. 2010
  • Human Rights Watch Report
    • “Fuel on the Fire” Security Force Response to the 2016 Irreecha Cultural Festival – Sept. 2017
    • "Such a Brutal Crackdown": Killings and Arrests in Response to Ethiopia’s Oromo Protests - June 2016
    • Suppressing Dissent: Human Rights Abuses and Political Repression in Ethiopia's Oromia Region - May 2005

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Ethnic Groups / Race - Anuak

Non-Government Organization Reports

  • World Directory of Minorities - Anuak
  • CORI Country Report - Anuak/Anyuak - Jan. 2010
  • Human Rights Watch
    • Targeting the Anuak: Human Rights Violations and Crimes Against Humanity in Ethiopia's Gambella Region - 2005

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Ethnic Groups / Race - Beta Israel

Non-Government Organization Reports

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Ethnic Groups / Race - Midgan

Non-Government Organization Reports
  • Austrian Centre for Country of Origin and Asylum Research and Documentation (ACCORD)
    • Treatment of Madhiban/Midgan/Medigan minority clan originating from the Ogaden area by Ethiopian forces in the area and by members of majority clans - May 2009

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Ethnic Groups / Race - Tigrayans

Foreign Government Reports

  • Canada Responses to Information Requests (RIRs)

    • ETH105557.E -  Ethiopia: Whether state security agents have distinguishing facial marks or tattoos – May 2016

  • Australian Migration Review Tribunal - Refugee Review Tribunal
    • ETH34682 - Apr. 2009
      1. Is there evidence of government instigated conflict between Tigrayans and other ethnic groups in Ethiopia?

Non-Government Reports

  • Amnesty International
    • “Today or tomorrow, they should be brought before Justice” - Rape, Sexual Slavery, Extrajudicial Executions, and Pillage by Eritrean Defense Forces - Sept. 2023
  • Austrian Centre for Country of Origin and Asylum Research and Documentation (ACCORD)
    • Ethiopia:  COI Compilation - Tigray - Nov. 2019

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Ethnic Groups / Race - Somalis

Foreign Government Reports
  • Canada Responses to Information Requests (RIRs)
    • ETH103355.FE - Treatment of Ethiopian citizens of Somali origin by the Ethiopian authorities - Jan. 2010

Non-Government Organization Reports

  • World Directory of Minorities - Somalis
  • CORI Country Report: Ethiopia - Ogaden Somalis - Jan. 2010

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Ethnic Groups / Race - Eritreans

Foreign Government Reports
  • Canada Responses to Information Requests (RIRs)
    • ETH105722.E - Ethiopia: Information on Eritrean nationals residing in Ethiopia, including residency rights, freedom of movement and access to education, employment and social services; residency documents issued to Eritrean nationals residing in Ethiopia, including appearance, security features, and requirements and procedures for renewal (2015-January 2017) - Jan. 2017
    • ETH103319.FE - Treatment of Eritreans by Ethiopian government authorities (2008-09) - Jan. 2010
    • ETH102021.E - Treatment of Eritreans by Ethiopian government authorities (2005-06) - Feb. 2007
    • ETH100909.E - Deportation of Eritreans to Ethiopia - Jan. 2006

Non-Government Organization Reports

  • Amnesty International
    • “Today or tomorrow, they should be brought before Justice” - Rape, Sexual Slavery, Extrajudicial Executions, and Pillage by Eritrean Defense Forces - Sept. 2023
  • Human Rights Watch
    • The Horn of Africa War: Mass Expulsions and Nationality Issues (1998-2002) - Jan. 2003

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Ethnic Groups / Race - Afars

Non-Government Organization Reports

  • World Directory of Minorities - Afar

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Ethnic Groups / Race - Amhara

Foreign Government Reports
  • Austrailian Migration Review Tribunal - Refugee Review Tribunal
    • ETH37377 - Sept. 2010
      1. Are Amharas discriminated against in Ethiopia?
  • Canada Responses to Information Requests (RIRs)
    • ETH105685.E - Ethiopia: Treatment of ethnic Amharas; the All Ethiopian Unity Party (AEUP), including treatment of its members and supporters by authorities – Nov. 2016
    • ETH101850.E - List of affiliates belonging to the All Amhara People's Organization (AAPO) in Ethiopia; whether certain North American organizations are authorized to verify and confirm membership in the AAPO - Feb. 2007
    • ETH101849.E - Existence of the All Amhara People's Cultural and Relief Organization (AAPCRO) in Toronto at telephone number (416) 516-1244, and if so, their procedures for verifying and confirming memberships in the All Amhara People's Organization in Ethiopia; procedures for verifying information - Jan. 2007
    • ETH100913.E - The treatment of ethnic Amharas and the treatment of members, leaders, and activists of the All Ethiopian Unity Party (AEUP) (2002 - 2006) - Jan. 2006
 

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Gender

Foreign Government Reports

  • Australian Migration Review Tribunal - Refugee Review Tribunal
    • ETH33781 - Sept. 2008
      1. Please provide a (brief) update on the status of women in Ethiopia.
    • ETH31133 - Jan. 2006
      1. What services does the Ethiopian government provide in the area of protection of women from harm and with regard to women in general?
      2. Are there effectively operating police and court services?
      3. Can it be said that "Arabs hold a great deal of influence" in Ethiopia?
      4. What is the situation for people of the Amharic tribal group?
      5. Anything else you feel might be relevant.
  • Canada Responses to Information Requests (RIRs)
    • ETH105548.E - Ethiopia: Treatment of sex workers by society and authorities, including arrest, prosecution and conviction; treatment of women with children born out of wedlock by society and authorities – July 2016
    • ETH103921.E - Ethiopia: Domestic violence, including legislation, state protection and services available to victims (2007-2011) - Dec. 2011
    • ETH102157.E - Protection services and legal recourse available to women who are victims of domestic violence - Feb. 2007
  • Norwegian Refugee Council
    • Consolidating Gains – Displaced Women’s Housing Land and Property Rights in Africa - May 2021

Non-Government Organization Reports

  • Amnesty International
    • “Today or tomorrow, they should be brought before Justice” - Rape, Sexual Slavery, Extrajudicial Executions, and Pillage by Eritrean Defense Forces - Sept. 2023
    • Ethiopia: “I Don’t Know If They Realized I Was A Person”: Rape And Sexual Violence In The Conflict In Tigray, Ethiopia – Aug. 2021
    • Briefing to the UN Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women - 2011
  • Austrian Centre for Country of Origin & Asylum Research and Documentation (ACCORD)
    • Ethiopian female domestic workers inside Ethiopia and abroad (household slavery, trafficking) - January 2016
  • Human Rights Watch Profile
    • “I Always Remember That Day” Access to Services for Survivors of Gender-Based Violence in Ethiopia’s Tigray Region – November 2021
  • Ireland Refugee and Documentation Center
    • 1. Polygamous marriages are recognised in Ethiopia. 2. If traditional marriages are recognised in Ethiopia (without the need for a civil ceremony or registration process) 3. Whether a Talaq pronounced by a wife in an adjoining country (Kenya) would be recognised in Ethiopia. - Aug. 2011

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Human Rights

US Government Reports

Foreign Government Reports

  • Canada Responses to Information Requests (RIRs)
    • ZZZ105731.E - Ethiopia and Canada: Information on the Unity for Human Rights and Democracy (Unity), including activities and requirements and procedures to become a member; whether they provide verification of the political activities of their members in Ethiopia; whether Ethiopian authorities monitor or regulate the activities of Unity members – Feb. 2017
    • ETH105729.E - Ethiopia: Information on the ability of the Ethiopian government to monitor and censor Ethiopian dissidents living in Canada, including scope and type of surveillance, and technology used; treatment of returning dissidents from Canada, including whether particular profiles face greater risks upon return – Feb.  2017
    • ETH105548.E - Ethiopia: Treatment of sex workers by society and authorities, including arrest, prosecution and conviction; treatment of women with children born out of wedlock by society and authorities – July 2016 (PDF)
    • ETH103408.E - Whether the government of Ethiopia undertakes survelliance of demonstrations against Ethiopia in Europe and North America - Feb. 2010
    • ETH102458.E - Ethiopia: Evidence of surveillance by government officials of demonstrations against Ethiopia in Europe and North America (2006 - February 2007) - Mar. 2007 (PDF)
 

Non-Government Organization Reports

  • Amnesty International - State of the World's Human Rights report - 2022/2023, 2020/ 2021, Death Sentences and Executions - 2020
  • Amnesty International
    • Ethiopia: ‘A death sentence for my father’: Meta’s contribution to human rights abuses in northern Ethiopia - Oct. 2023
    • “Today or tomorrow, they should be brought before Justice” - Rape, Sexual Slavery, Extrajudicial Executions, and Pillage by Eritrean Defense Forces - Sept. 2023
    • Ethiopia:  The Massacre in Axum – Feb. 2021
    • Beyond Law Enforcement:  Human Rights Violations by Ethiopian Security Forces in Amhara and Oromia – May 2020
    • Ethiopia:  Skirting Human Rights Violations – June 2019
    • Stifiling Human Rights Work - The Impact of Civil Society Legislation in Ethiopia - 2012
    • Justice Under Fire - Trials of Opposition Leaders, Journalists, and Human Rights Defenders in Ethiopia - 2011
  • Austrian Centre for Country of Origin and Asylum Research and Documentation (ACCORD)
    • Information on the human rights situation of the Anuak (also: Anyuak, Anywaa, Agnwak) and Nuer populations - Aug. 2009 
  • Freedom House - Freedom in the World - 2023, 2022
    • Transnational Repression Report - 2021
  • Human Rights Watch
    • World Events: 2023
  • Human Rights Watch Profile
    • “I Always Remember That Day” Access to Services for Survivors of Gender-Based Violence in Ethiopia’s Tigray Region – Nov. 2021
    • "Journalism Is Not a Crime" Violations of Media Freedoms in Ethiopia - January 2015
    • "They Know Everything We Do" Telecom and Internet Surveillance in Ethiopia - March 2014
    • “Waiting Here for Death” Displacement and “Villagization” in Ethiopia’s Gambella Region – Jan. 2012 
    • Development without Freedom: How Aid Underwrites Repression in Ethiopia - Oct. 2010 
    • Collective Punishment:  War Crimes and Crimes against Humanity in the Ogaden area of Ethiopia’s Somali Region – June 2008
    • Lessons in Repression: Violations of Academic Freedom in Ethiopia – Jan. 2003
  • Norwegian Refugee Council
    • The world's most neglected displacement crises in 2022 - May 2023 

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Justice System

 

Foreign Government Reports

  • Canada Responses to Information Requests (RIRs)
    • ETH105730.E - Ethiopia: Requirements and procedures for obtaining police reports, such as criminal complaints, from within the country as well as from abroad; format, including appearance and whether legislation is referenced in a police report, signatures, letterhead and stamps; variations between federal and municipal reports; availability of fraudulent police reports – Feb. 2017
    • ETH105426.E - Ethiopia: Information on exit screenings at Bole International Airport, including whether a person released on bail from Gondar When Bet jail on the condition not to leave Gondar would be stopped during exit screenings at Bole International Airport in Addis Ababa when attempting to leave Ethiopia – March 2016
    • ETH105314.E - Ethiopia: Police summonses, including legislation and ways for delivering summonses; information on the appearance and content of summonses, including whether there are variations between federal and municipal summonses, and whether any legislation is referenced in the summonses; availability of fraudulent summonses – Oct. 2015 (PDF)
  • Australian Migration Review Tribunal - Refugee Review Tribunal
    • ETH34786 - May 2009 (PDF)
      1. The military camp at Dedesa was known to be used to house the overflow of arrested protesters in 2005. Over what period of time did the arrests of protestors occur?
      2. Are there reports of any major prison break-outs or escapes from Dedesa at the end of 2005? Are there any reports of executions or other deaths of protesters imprisoned there and if so, how many?
    • ETH34682 - Apr. 2009 (PDF)
      1. Please provide information on the Zeway Concentration Camp, including its location, its size/layout/divisions, any other identifying features, what it is used for, and whether demonstrators arrested in October 2005 were held there. Please provide photographs of the camp if available.
      2. What is the location of the 4th Division Police Station in Addis Ababa? Does it have a jail on site or nearby?
    • ETH32967 - Feb. 2008 (PDF)
      1. Please provide information on (i) demonstrations at Addis Ababa University in 2001; (ii) any significance to Oromo ethnicity?; (iii) treatment of CUD supporters; (iv) exit procedures.
  • Norway Country of Origin Information Centre (Landinfo)
    • Ethiopia: The special police (Liyu Police) in the Somali Regional State - April 2016

Non-Government Organization Reports

  • Amensty International
    • “Today or tomorrow, they should be brought before Justice” - Rape, Sexual Slavery, Extrajudicial Executions, and Pillage by Eritrean Defense Forces - Sept. 2023
  • Human Rights Watch Reports -  2022, 2021, 2020, 2019, 2018, 2017, 2016, 2015, 2014, 2013, 2012, 2011
  • Human Rights Watch
    • “We Are Like the Dead”: Torture and Other Human Rights Abuses in Jail Ogaden, Somali Regional State, Ethiopia – July 2018
    • "They Want a Confession" Torture and Ill-Treatment in Ethiopia?s Maekelawi Police Station - Oct. 2013

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Law

  • A Proclamation to Provide for the Electoral Code of Conduct for Political Parties - Aug. 2009
  • Political Parties Registration Proclamation - Sep. 2008 (PDF)
  • A Proclamation to Provide for the Right to Employment of Persons with Disability - March 2008 (PDF)
  • The Criminal Code of the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia - 2004 (PDF)
  • Refugee Proclamation - Jul. 2004 (PDF)
  • Criminal Procedure Code Of Ethiopia - 1961

US Government Reports

  • United States Commission on International Religious Freedom (USCIRF)
    • Violating Rights – Enforcing the World’s Blasphemy Laws – Dec. 2020
    • Respecting Rights? Measuring the World’s Blasphemy Laws – July 2017

Foreign Government Reports

  • Canada Responses to Information Requests (RIRs)
    • ETH105548.E - Treatment of sex workers by society and authorities, including arrest, prosecution and conviction; treatment of women with children born out of wedlock by society and authorities – July 2016

Non-Government Organization Reports

  • Amnesty International
    • Making Love a Crime: Criminalization of Same-Sex Conduct in Sub-Saharan Afica - April 2013

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Maps

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Medical Availability

US Government Reports

  • Congressional Research Service
    • Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): Impact in Africa – April 2022
 

Intergovernmental Organization Reports

  • World Health Organization Page

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Political Figures and Parties

US Government Reports

Foreign Government Reports

  • Australian Migration Review Tribunal - Refugee Review Tribunal
    • ETH37377 - Sept. 2010
      1. What is the situation with supporters of the Ginbot 7 and the CUD at present?
    • ETH35418 - Sept. 2009
      1. When did the Derg regime come into power in Ethiopia?
    • ETH34682 - Apr. 2009
      1. Unity and Democracy or CUD) in relation to housing, youth, education, health and employment.
      2. Please provide information on the current leadership group and / or high profile members of the Kinijit (or CUD).
      3. What sort of activities did pro-CUD agitators engage in during the campaign or lead up to the April 2005 elections?
      4. Are there reports of demonstrations being held in Addis Ababa in June 2005 and October 2005? If so, what types of people were arrested or held?
    • ETH33166 - Apr. 2008
      1. Please provide any information regarding Yirgalem's political profile, including the names of local leaders of the OLF.
      2. Please provide the names of prominent leaders of the OLF in Ethiopia since 2001.
      3. Please provide information on the current treatment of OLF supporters in Ethiopia.
    • ETH32967 - Feb. 2008
      1. Please provide information on (i) demonstrations at Addis Ababa University in 2001; (ii) any significance to Oromo ethnicity?; (iii) treatment of CUD supporters; (iv) exit procedures.
    • ETH30982 - Nov. 2006
      1. Please provide information on the Coalition for Unity and Democracy (CUD) in Ethiopia.
      2. Were members of the CUD subjected to violence/harassment around the time of the 2005 elections and immediately afterwards?
      3. Please provide information on the current treatment of CUD members in Ethiopia.
  • Canada Responses to Information Requests (RIRs)
  • ETH200764.E - Ethiopia: Treatment of members of opposition parties, particularly those of the Ethiopian Citizens for Social Justice Party (ECSJ, Ezema), the Oromo Federalist Congress (OFC), the Oromo Liberation Front (OLF), and the Balderas Party (2019–August 2021) - Sept. 2021
    • ETH105660.E - Ethiopia: Information on the Sidama Liberation Movement (SLM), including history, goals, and methods; whether the group uses violence and has participated in armed conflict; treatment of members by the authorities – Nov. 2016
    • ETH105564.E - Ethiopia: Whether the Semayawi Party (Blue Party) issues letters to supporters; format, language and signatories of letters; verification process of party membership and involvement prior to issuance of letters – August 2016 (PDF)
    • ETH105565.E - Ethiopia: Information on membership procedures to join the Semayawi Party (Blue Party); whether the party issues membership cards, including who issues them and for what purpose; whether members are required to pay monthly dues; whether the party issues receipts for dues paid – August 2016
    • ETH105146.E  - Ethiopia: The Oromo Liberation Front (OLF), including origin, mandate, leadership, structure, legal status, and membership; treatment of members and supporters by authorities – May 2015
    • ETH104974.E - Ethiopia: Semayawi Party (Blue Party), including origin, mandate, leadership. Structure, legal status, and election participation; party membership; treatment of party members and supporters by authorities – Oct. 2014 
    • ETH104127.E - The Unity for Democracy and Justice Party (UDJ); its formation, leadership, structure, mandate, membership, issuance of membership cards; treatment by authorities; branches outside of Ethiopia; membership requirements at Toronto and Atlanta branches (2008-2012) - Jul. 2012 
    • ETH103318.FE - Treatment of members of the opposition parties and of their relatives, particularly those of the Coalition for Unity and Democracy (CUD), by government authorities (2008-2009) - Jan. 2010 
    • ETH102699.E - Treatment of relatives of members of opposition parties, especially the Coalition for Unity and Democracy (CUD) (2006 - 2007) - Jan. 2008 
    • ETH102024.E - Treatment of political dissidents by government authorities, specifically student and human rights activists (2005 - 2006) - Mar. 2007 
    • ETH102062.E - The Ethiopian People's Revolutionary Party (EPRP); whether the EPRP is banned from carrying out its activities; recent role and activities of the EPRP within Ethiopia, especially in the context of the 2005 elections; whether members of the EPRP are arrested or harassed by the Ethiopian People's Revolutionary Democratic Forces (EPRDF) (2004 - 2006) - Nov. 2006
    • ETH101128.E - Treatment of relatives of Coalition for Unity and Democracy (CUD) members or relatives of other opposition party members (2005 - 2006) - Mar. 2006
  • Danish Immigration Service
    • Ethiopia Opposition groups – recent developments – Jan. 2020
  • Norway Country of Origin Information Centre (Landinfo)
    • Ethiopia: The Ginbot 7 party - Aug 2012

Non-Government Organization Reports

  • International Crisis Group
    • Steering Ethiopia’s Tigray Crisis Away from Conflict – Oct. 2020
    • Toward an End to Ethiopia’s Federal-Tigray Feud – Aug. 2020
    • Bridging the Divide in Ethiopia’s North – June 2020
    • Keeping Ethiopia’s Transition on the Rails – Dec. 2019
    • Managing Ethiopia’s Unsettled Transition – Feb. 2019

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Refugees / IDPs

 

Foreign Government Reports

  • Canada Responses to Information Requests (RIRs)
    • ZZZ105147.FE - Ethiopia and Eritrea: The treatment of Eritrean refugees by Ethiopian government authorities; the rights granted to refugees, including access to employment, education and medical care, and entry and exit rights – April 2015
  • Norwegian Refugee Council
    • The World’s Most Neglected Displacement Crises - 2020
 

Non-Government Organization Reports

  • Amnesty International
    • Saudi Arabia: “It’s like we are not human”: Forced returns, abhorrent detention conditions of Ethiopian migrants in Saudi Arabia - Dec. 2022
  • Internal Displacement Monitoring Centre
    • Advancing Disability-Inclusive Action On Internal Displacement  - Nov. 2022
    • Severity of internal displacement Report - Nov. 2021
    • From Basic Needs To The Recovery Of Livelihoods:  Local integration of people displaced by drought in Ethiopia – March 2021
    • Africa Report on Internal Displacement - 2019
  • United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees
    • Fact sheet on the breakdown of refugees, aslyum-seekers and IDPs in Southern Africa (as of April 2023) - July 2023

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Religion

US Government Reports

 

 

Foreign Government Reports

  • Canada Responses to Information Requests (RIRs)
    • ETH104926.E - Ethiopia: Treatment of members of the Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church (EOTC) by authorities – Oct. 2014
  • Australian Migration Review Tribunal - Refugee Review Tribunal
    • ETH33781 - Sept. 2008
      1. Please provide a briefing about Pentecostal Christians in Ethiopia: i.e. what does it mean to be a 'Pentecostal Christian' in Ethiopia?
      2. What percentage of the population do 'Pentecostal Christians' in Ethiopia constitute?
      3. Is there any evidence that 'Pentecostal Christians' are discriminated against?
      4. Does inter-religious marriage (ie between Muslims and Pentecostal Christians) occur?
      5. If it occurs, is the female (Christian) expected to convert to Islam?
      6. Please provide any information about Christian women married to Muslim men facing discrimination or denial of rights (eg to education, or to work)?
      7. Is the 'Ethiopian Tsewan (Zion) Church in Australia' affiliated with Pentecostal Christians from Ethiopia? How (religiously) strict are they?
      8. How are non-Muslims treated in Ethiopia? Are they discriminated against? If so, in what ways and to what extent?
    • ETH32853 - Feb. 2008
      1. What evidence is there of the operations of the Ethiopian Orthodox Church in the UAE?
      2. Is there any material which confirms a split in the church in 2005 in UAE related to continued support for Patriarch Paulos?
      3. Is there any evidence of harm to those who have ceased to support Patriarch Paulos in recent years in Ethiopia?
      4. Is there any evidence that those who have converted Muslims in Ethiopia have been the subject of harm in Ethiopia in recent years?

Non-Government Organization Reports

  • Austrian Centre for Country of Origin and Asylum Research and Documentation (ACCORD)
    • Current treatment of Ethiopian Jews (Falasha, Beta Israeli); discrimination by state or non-state agents - May 2009

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Sexual Orientation

Foreign Government Reports

  • Canada Responses to Information Requests (RIRs)
    • ETH102155.E - Legislation and legal protection available to homosexuals - Feb. 2007

Non-Government Organization Reports

  • Amnesty International
    • Making Love a Crime: Criminalization of Same-Sex Conduct in Sub-Saharan Afica - April 2013

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Specific Country Issues - Armed Conflict

US Government Reports

  • Congressional Research Service Testimony
    • Ethiopia’s Transition and the Tigray Conflict – Sept. 2021
    • "The Unfolding Conflict in Ethiopia” – Dec. 2020

Foreign Government Reports

  • Canada Responses to Information Requests (RIRs)
    • ETH43485.E - Ethiopia: Whether Ethiopia sent deserters from the Eritrean armed forces to the United States on Ethiopian travel documents during or after the 1998 border war (1998-2004) - Apr. 2005

Non-Government Organization Reports

  • Amensty International
    • Ethiopia: ‘A death sentence for my father’: Meta’s contribution to human rights abuses in northern Ethiopia - Oct. 2023
    • “Today or tomorrow, they should be brought before Justice” - Rape, Sexual Slavery, Extrajudicial Executions, and Pillage by Eritrean Defense Forces - Sept. 2023
  • International Crisis Group
    • Ethiopia’s Ominous New War in Amhara - Nov. 2023
    • Containing the Volatile Sudan-Ethiopia Border Dispute – June 2021
    • Ethiopia’s Tigray War: A Deadly, Dangerous Stalemate – April 2021
    • Finding a Path to Peace in Ethiopia’s Tigray Region – Feb. 2021

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Specific Country Issues - Female Genital Mutilation

US Government Reports
  • State Department Country Report on Human Rights Practices - Female Genital Mutilation/Cutting (FGM/C) - 2017 (PDF)
  • US State Department Report on Female Genital Mutilation (FGM) - Ethiopia (PDF)
 

Non-Government Reports

  • Austrian Centre for Country of Origin and Asylum Research and Documentation (ACCORD)
    • Ethiopia: COI Compilation - Female Genital Mutilation (FGM) - Nov. 2019 (PDF)

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Specific Country Issues - Treatment of Returnees

Foreign Government Reports
  • Australian Migration Review Tribunal - Refugee Review Tribunal
    • ETH37377 - Sept. 2010
      1. How are failed asylum seekers treated in Ethiopia?
  • Canada Responses to Information Requests (RIRs)
    • ETH104857.E - Ethiopia: Treatment by authorities of individuals of Ethiopian parentage, returning to Ethiopia, but who have never lived in the country; availability of employment, housing, and other social services in Addis Ababa for newly-arrived individuals (2013-April 2014) - April 2014

Non Government Reports

  • Amensty International
    • Saudi Arabia: “It’s like we are not human”: Forced returns, abhorrent detention conditions of Ethiopian migrants in Saudi Arabia - Dec. 2022

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Speech / Press / Internet

 

Foreign Government Reports

  • Canada Responses to Information Requests (RIRs)

    • ETH105485.E - Ethiopia: The Ethiopian Satellite Television media group (ESAT), including objectives and activities in Canada, particularly in the Kitchener-Waterloo area; reports of surveillance by Ethiopian authorities – April 2016

Non-Government Organization Reports

  • Amnesty International
    • Ethiopia: ‘A death sentence for my father’: Meta’s contribution to human rights abuses in northern Ethiopia - Oct. 2023
    • Ethiopia Offline: Evidence of Social Media Blocking and Internet Censorship in Ethiopia - Dec. 2016
    • Dismantiling Dissent - Intensified Crackdown on Free Speech in Ethiopia - 2011
  • Austrian Centre for Country of Origin and Asylum Research and Documentation (ACCORD)
    • Ethiopia:  COI Compilation – Freedom of expression, association, and assembly – Nov. 2019 (PDF)
  • Freedom House

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Timeline

Trafficking

US Government Reports

Non-Government Reports

  • Austrian Centre for Country of Origin & Asylum Research and Documentation (ACCORD)
    • Ethiopian female domestic workers inside Ethiopia and abroad (household slavery, trafficking) - January 2016

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Terrorism

US Government Reports

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Torture

Non-Government Organization Reports

  • Human Rights Watch
    • "They Want a Confession" Torture and Ill-Treatment in Ethiopia?s Maekelawi Police Station - Oct 2013

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Updated November 16, 2023