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Republic of Turkey

Citizenship and Country Documents

US Government Reports

  • State Department - Country Documents
  • Library of Congress - Law Library of Congress (LLOC)
    • Family Reunification Laws in Selected Jurisdictions - July 2014

Foreign Government Reports

  • Canada Responses to Information Requests (RIRs)

    • TUR200362.E - Identity documents, including biometric passports, Republic of Turkey Identity Card,birth certificates, and driving licenses; requirements and procedures to obtain such documents Nov 2020

    • TUR105166.E - Turkey: Information on the Nufus Huviyet Cuzdani [Turkiye Cumhuriyeti Nufus Cuzdani] and any other document used in Turkey for identification purposes (2012-May 2015) - June 2015
    • TUR43471.E - Turkey: Procedures that must be followed by, and documents that must be provided to, Turkish airport and land border authorities for a Turkish citizen and/or foreign national to be allowed to enter or leave Turkey; the security/law enforcement personnel present; action taken in cases where a person is wanted by the Turkish authorities (January 2003-April 2005) - April 2005

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Children

US Government Reports

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Corruption

Foreign Government Reports

  • Canada Responses to Information Requests (RIRs)
    • TUR42658.E - Turkey: Incidence of crime and corruption by state agents, including the prevalence of the police practice of demanding harac (bribes) from shop owners; whether small businesses are targeted; whether the government has been involved with illegal/criminal elements (i.e. mafia) in carrying out crimes and/or corruption; the state reaction to crime and corruption, including whether individuals who engage in such behaviour are punished (September 2002 - September 2004) - September 2004
  • Austrailian Migration Review Tribunal – Refugee Review Tribunal

    • TUR30760 - October 2006

      1. How are the police organized, controlled in Ankara, Turkey?

      2. Is there any information about how the police operate in Turkey?

      3. Is there corruption in the police force?

      4. Can the police be bribed?

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Disabilities

None Available

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Elections

Non-Government Organization Reports

US Government Reports

Congressional Research Report (CRS)

  • Turkey: Major Issues, May 2023 Elections, and U.S. Relations - May 2023

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Ethnic Groups/Race

Non-Government Organization Reports

  • Minority Rights Group International
    • State of the World's Minorities and Indigenous Peoples - 2016
  • International Crisis Group
    • Minorities, Accountability, Rights and Collaboration MARC Turkey Bulletin III - December 2022

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Ethnic Groups/Race - Armenians

Foreign Government Reports

  • Canada Responses to Information Requests (RIRs)
    • TUR105149.E - Turkey: Situation of Christian Turks of Armenian descent, including treatment by society and authorities (2014- April 2015) - 2015

Non-Government Organization Reports

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Ethnic Groups/Race - Assyrians

Non-Government Organization Reports

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Ethnic Groups/Race - Caferis

Non-Government Organization Reports

  • World Directory of Minorities - Caferis

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Ethnic Groups/Race - Caucasians

Non-Government Organization Reports

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Ethnic Groups/Race - Kurds

Foreign Government Reports

  • UK Home Office Country Information and Guidance  
  • Canada Responses to Information Requests (RIRs)
    • TUR105723.FE - The situation and treatment of Kurds and Alevis after the coup attempt in July 2016, including in the large cities (July 2016–January 2017) - Jan. 2017
    • TUR42377.FE - Turkey: Authorities with whom Kurds in Istanbul could file a complaint of harassment or extortion by nationalists or the police; the protection offered to such complainants - Jan. 2004
  • Austrailian Migration Review Tribunal – Refugee Review Tribunal

    • TUR30760 - Oct. 2006

      1. Is there any known Kurdish mafia that operates in Ankara, Turkey?
      2. If there is a Kurdish mafia, what sort of crimes are the Kurdish mafia accused of carrying out?
      3. If there is a Kurdish mafia, do the police in Ankara limit their activities?
      4. Is there a Kurdish mafia figure named "Kurdish Ahmed" in Ankara?

Non-Government Organization Reports

  • Human Rights Watch
    • "Still critical" Prospects in 2005 for Internally Displaced Kurds in Turkey - Mar. 2005
  • World Directory of Minorities

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Ethnic Groups/Race - Roma

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Gender

Foreign Government Reports

  • Canada Responses to Information Requests (RIRs)
    • TUR104074.E - Turkey: Domestic violence, including legislation, state protection and support services - May 28, 2012

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Human Rights

US Government Reports

  • State Department Country Reports on Human Rights Practices - Human Rights - 2020, 2019, 2018, 2017,  2016, 2015, 2014, 2013
  • Congressional Research Service
    • Turkey: Background and U.S. Relations In Brief - Feb. 2019

Foreign Government Reports

  • Canada Responses to Information Requests (RIRs)
    • TUR42841.E- Reports of human rights violations committed by the Turkish military against civilians living in the Bingol province, particularly in the Kigi district (November 1996 - April 1998) - August 2004

Non-Government Organization Reports

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Justice System

Foreign Government Reports

  • Canada Responses to Information Requests (RIRs)
    • TUR105749.E - Information on the 2014 law on military service, including possibilities for exemption by paying a fee; implementation of the law (2014-September 2016) - January 2017

      • TUR200361.E - Military service, both compulsory and voluntary, including requirements, length,alternatives and exemptions; consequences of draft evasion and conscientious objection - Nov 2020

Non-Government Organization Reports

  • Human Rights Watch
    • Small Group Isolation in F-type Prisons and the Violent Transfers of Prisoners to Sincan, Kandira, and Edirne Prisons on December 19, 2000 - Apr. 2001
    • Torture and Mistreatment in Pre-Trial Detention by Anti-Terror Police - 1997

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Law

US Government Reports

  • Congressional Research Service (CRS)

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Maps

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Medical Availability

Foreign Government Reports

  • UK Home Office - Medical and healthcare provision - 2021

Canada Responses to Information Requests (RIRs)

  • TUR201257 - Türkiye: Domestic violence, including legislation; state protection; support services available to victims, including mental health services; the impact of COVID-19 (2020-November 2022) - Nov. 2022

International Government Organization Reports

  • World Health Organization Page

Non-Government Organization Reports

  • Human Rights Watch 
    • "It's as If They're Poisoning us" - The Health Impacts of Plastic Recycling in Turkey - September 2022

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Political Figures and Parties

US Government Reports

  • CIA - Chiefs of State and Cabinet Members of Foreign Governments - Turkey

Foreign Government Reports

  • Canada Responses to Information Requests (RIRs)

    • TUR106385.E - Situation of Kurds, including in Istanbul, Ankara, and Izmir; situation of supporters or perceived supporters of the Peoples' Democratic Party (Halkların Demokratik Partisi, HDP);situation of Alevi Kurds - Jan 2020

Non-Government Organization Reports

  • Freedom House - Out of Sight, Not Out of Reach - The Global Scale and Scope of Transnational Repression - Feb 2021

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Refugees/ IDPs/Returnees

International Government Organization Reports

  • European Union Agency for Asylum
    • COI Query - Turkey - Treatment by the state of individuals, including returnees, who are involved, or perceived to be involved, in pro-Kurdish social media activism - Feb. 2024

Non-Government Organization Reports

  • International Crisis Group
    • Turkey's Syrian Refugees: Defusing Metropolitan Tensions - Jan. 2018
  • Freedom House
    • Transnational Repression Report - 2022, 2021
  • Human Rights Watch 
    • Stuck in a Revolving Door: Iraqis and Other Asylum Seekers and Migrants at the Greece/Turkey Entrance to the European Union - November 2008
  • Canada Responses to Information Requests (RIRs)
    • TUR106388.E - Exit procedures at airports and land borders, including documents required to cross the border at a land crossing - January 2020
    • TUR201258.E - Türkiye: Treatment of Uyghurs [Uighurs] and ethnic Chinese by society and the authorities (2020–November 2022) - November 2022

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Religion

US Government Reports

Foreign Government Reports

  • Canada Responses to Information Requests (RIRs)
    • TUR104634.E - Turkey: Treatment of atheists by society and the authorities, particularly in Istanbul; whether local militias serve as informants to the government to report the religious practices of citizens (2011-October 2013) - Oct. 2013
    • TUR43002.E - Turkey: The situation of Alevi Kurdish students at Turkish universities (specifically those in Istanbul and Ankara), particularly whether they are experiencing discrimination; the extent to which the university administration and police tolerate or investigate complaints; internal complaint processes (April 2002 - September 2004) - Sept. 2004

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Religions Group - Alevis

Foreign Government Reports

  • Canada Responses to Information Requests (RIRs)
    • TUR105167.E - Turkey: Situation of Alevis, including political and religious rights; treatment of Alevis by society and authorities; state protection (June 2012-May 2015) - June 2015
    • TUR104554.E - Turkey: Frequency of torture used by authorities, particularly on Kurdish and Alevi protestors and activists, including instances when torture is used on temporary detainees (2012-August 2013) - Aug. 2013

Non-Government Organization Reports

  • World Directory of Minorities - Alevis

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Religions Group - Christians

Foreign Government Reports

  • Canada Responses to Information Requests (RIRs)
    • TUR105149.E - Turkey: Situation of Christian Turks of Armenian descent, including treatment by society and authorities (2014- April 2015) - 2015

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Religions Group - Jews

None Available

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Sexual Orientation

Foreign Government Reports

  • Canada Responses to Information Requests (RIRs)
    • TUR201259.E - Türkiye: Treatment of persons with diverse sexual orientation, gender identity and expression, and sex characteristics (SOGIESC) by society and state authorities, including state protection (2020–November 2022) - November 2022 
    • TUR200360.E - Treatment of persons with diverse sexual orientation and gender identity andexpression (SOGIE) by society and state authorities, including state protection and support services - 2020

    • TUR42961.E - Military and societal treatment of homosexuals who have been deemed unfit to serve in the military and/or who have been discharged from the military due to their sexual orientation (January 2002 - September 2004) - Sept. 2004

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Specific Country Issues - Military Service

Foreign Government Reports

  • UK Home office - Country Information and Guidance
  • Canada Responses to Information Requests (RIRs)
    • TUR103456.E - Turkey: Whether there is a minimum period of service for volunteer recruits in the military; whether volunteer recruits face any restrictions in obtaining a discharge - May 2010

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Speech/Press/Internet

Foreign Government Reports

  • Canada Responses to Information Requests (RIRs)

    • TUR43143.FE - Turkey: Situation of artists, specifically sculptors; treatment by Islamists of artists who portray nudes; state protection available to artists who are harassed or threatened by Islamists (2002-November 2004) - Nov. 2004

Non-Government Reports

  • Amnesty International
    • Peaceful Pride Protestors in Istanbul Subjected to Police use of Unlawful Force -2021
  • Freedom House
  • Human Rights Watch
    • Violations of Free Expression in Turkey - Feb 1999

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Timeline

Media

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Trafficking

US Government Reports

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Terrorism

US Government Reports

Non-Government Organization Reports

  • International Crisis Group
    • An Enduring Challenge: ISIS-linked Foreigners in Türkiye - February 2023 
  • Amnesty International
    • Turkey: Weaponizing Counter terrorism - Turkey Exploits Terrorism Financing Assessment to Target Civil Society - June 2021

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Torture

Foreign Government Reports

  • Canada Responses to Information Requests (RIRs)
    • TUR104554.E - Turkey: Frequency of torture used by authorities, particularly on Kurdish and Alevi protestors and activists, including instances when torture is used on temporary detainees (2012-August 2013) - August 2013

Non-Government Organization Reports

  • Human Rights Watch 
    • Torture and Mistreatment in Pre-Trial Detention by Anti-Terror Police - 1997
Updated September 16, 2024