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Illicit Drug | Key Findings | Source Locations | Seized En Route/Within U.S. in 2003 | Transit Countries | Primary Entry Points into U.S. | Primary Markets and Principal Suppliers | Wholesale Price Range in the U.S. | Principal Retailers | Retail Price Range in the U.S. | Projections |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Cocaine | -Powder
cocaine use by adolescents decreased since 1999 while cocaine use among
adults increased slightly.
-Cocaine production declined from 700 mt in 2001 to 460 mt in 2003. -Increased seizures in Texas indicate it is the state through which most cocaine enters the U.S. |
Foreign:
Colombia, Bolivia, Peru
Domestic: None |
116,898 kg (233,000 kg reportedly available to U.S. markets) | Mexico, Central American countries, Caribbean island nations | Southwest Border (SWB) states (Texas, California, Arizona, New Mexico); Miami/S Florida; New York City (NYC) |
Atlanta: Mexican, Colombian, Dominican
Chicago: Mexican, Colombian Houston: Mexican, Colombian, Dominican, Jamaican Los Angeles: Mexican Miami: Colombian, Haitian New York: Colombian, Dominican, Mexican |
$13,000-$30,000 per kg (powder) | African American, Hispanic street gangs; African American, Caucasian, Cuban, Dominican, Haitian, and Puerto Rican independent dealers and criminal groups |
$25-$110 per gram (powder) $10-$100 per rock (crack) |
-Rates of cocaine use among adolescents likely will
continue to decline.
-Continued reduction of cocaine production in Colombia and interdiction of cocaine shipments in the transit zone may result in worldwide reductions of retail cocaine availability. |
Methamphetamine | -Increasing methamphetamine
availability in the Northeast region.
-Ice availability has increased sharply since 2002. -Production of methamphetamine in Mexico is increasing. -Sharp increase in methamphetamine seizures at and between Arizona ports of entry (POEs). |
Foreign: Mexico and,
to a much lesser extent, Southeast Asia
Domestic: California |
3,845 kg | Mexican:
Direct from source
SE Asian: Direct from source |
Mexican: SWB
states (California, Texas, Arizona, and New Mexico)
SE Asian: California, Hawaii |
Los Angeles:
Mexican, outlaw motorcycle gangs (OMGs)
Phoenix: Mexican San Diego: Mexican San Francisco: Mexican (Hawaiian, Filipino, and Asian DTOs distribute ice) |
$3,500-$99,000
per kg* (powder); $13,200-$154,000 per kg* (ice)
*normally sold in pound quantities $1,600-$45,000 per pound (powder); $6,000-$70,000 per lb (ice) |
Mexican, Caucasian, and Asian criminal groups; Caucasian independent dealers; Asian and Hispanic street gangs; OMGs | $20-$300 per
gram (powder) $60-$700 per gram (ice) |
-Increases in
foreign and domestic production should raise domestic methamphetamine
availability.
-Production and distribution of ice by Mexican criminal groups is likely to increase. |
Marijuana | -Since
1994, marijuana emergency department (ED) mentions and treatment
admissions increased.
-U.S. marijuana production increasing partly because of increased involvement by U.S.-based Mexican DTOs. -Size of marijuana shipments from Canada increased. |
Foreign:
Mexico, Colombia, Canada, Jamaica
Domestic: California, Appalachia (Tennessee, Kentucky), Hawaii, Pacific Northwest (Washington, Oregon) |
1,225,000 kg (seizures in Texas, Arizona, California, and New Mexico account for 1,139,000 kg) |
Mexican: Direct from source Colombian: Mexico, Caribbean island nations Canadian: Direct from source Jamaican: Caribbean island nations |
Mexican: SWB states (primarily Texas and Arizona followed by California and New Mexico)
Colombian: Miami/S Florida, SWB states, New York City Canadian: Northern Border states Jamaican: Miami/S Florida, New York City |
Chicago: Mexican
Dallas/Houston: Mexican Los Angeles/San Diego: Mexican, Jamaican; street gangs Miami: Hispanic, Haitian, African American New York: Jamaican, Mexican Phoenix/Tucson: Mexican, Jamaican Seattle: Caucasian, Hispanic, Vietnamese, OMGs |
$770-$4,400 per kg* (commercial-grade); $1,980-$13,200 per
kg* (sinsemilla)
*normally sold in pound quantities $350-$2,000 per lb (commercial-grade); $900-$6,000 per lb (sinsemilla) |
Caucasian, Jamaican, African American, Hispanic, Asian, and Native American local independent dealers; African American and Hispanic street gangs; Jamaican, Mexican, and Asian criminal groups; OMGs; prison gangs |
$5-$50 per gram $2-$10 per joint |
-As DTOs continue to expand large-scale domestic cultivation
operations, overall marijuana production in the U.S. will increase.
-Expansion of cannabis cultivation on public lands may increase the threat of violence against unsuspecting passersby. |
Heroin | -Heroin treatment admissions
increased each year since 1992.
-Potential worldwide heroin production increased in 2002, 2003, and 2004 primarily because of increased production in Afghanistan. -Sharp increase in South American heroin seizures along Southwest Border. |
Mexico, Colombia, Southeast Asia (Burma, Laos, Thailand); Southwest Asia (Afghanistan, Pakistan) | 2,361.8 kg | Mexican (MX):
Direct from source
South American (SA): Direct from source, Central/South American countries, Caribbean island nations, Mexico Southeast Asian (SEA): China, SE Asian countries, Taiwan, Hong Kong, Canada Southwest Asian (SWA): European and Central Asian countries, Canada |
MX: SWB states
(primarily California and Texas followed by Arizona and New Mexico)
SA: Miami/S Florida, NYC, Newark, SWB states (primarily Texas) SEA: NYC, Los Angeles, Northern Border states (Washington, Michigan, New York) SWA: NYC, Chicago, Detroit, Atlanta, Washington, D.C. |
Chicago:
Colombian (SA), Mexican (MX), Nigerian (SEA, SWA)
Los Angeles: Mexican New York: Colombian, Dominican, Mexican, Chinese, Nigerian, Pakistani |
MX:
$18,000-$50,000 per kg
SA: $52,000-$90,000 per kg SEA: $40,000-$80,000 per kg SWA: $60,000-$70,000 per kg |
African American (MX, SA), Asian (SEA, SWA), Caucasian (SA), Colombian (SA), Dominican (SA), Guatemalan (MX), Honduran (MX), Mexican (MX), Puerto Rican (SA) criminal groups; African American (MX, SA, SEA, SWA), Hispanic (MX, SA, SEA, SWA) street gangs | $10 per dose (approximately 50-100 mg) | -Demand for
heroin will remain lower than for other major drugs.
-The increase in worldwide heroin production is unlikely to cause an increase in heroin availability in the U.S. because the increase is mostly attributed to Southwest Asian heroin, which is typically destined for Asian and European drug markets. |
MDMA | -MDMA
availability has decreased since 2001.
-More adolescents perceive risk in using MDMA. -Decrease in MDMA smuggled directly to the U.S. from source areas. Asian DTOs increasingly are involved in MDMA trafficking and may become the primary domestic suppliers. |
Foreign:
Netherlands, Belgium (also Poland, Germany, Canada, Latin America)
Domestic: Limited |
1,319,492 du |
Western European countries, Canada, Mexico, Dominican Republic
|
New York City, Newark, Miami, Los Angeles (via international airports); Northern Border states (New York, Washington), Texas |
Los Angeles: Israeli, Russian, Asian Miami: Russian, Israeli, Eastern European, Dominican (also Colombian, Caucasian) New York: Israeli, Russian, (also Asian, Eastern European, Dominican, Colombian, OMGs, Traditional Organized Crime {TOC} groups) |
$4-$20 per du (1,000 du lots)
|
Caucasian independent dealers; African American, Asian, and Hispanic street gangs; OMGs; prison gangs |
$6-$50 per du | -MDMA
abuse likely to continue declining among all age groups.
-MDMA smuggling across the Northern Border may increase as MDMA trafficking organizations avoid transporting the MDMA directly to the U.S. by first transporting the drug to Canada. |
National
Drug Intelligence Center Tel.
(814) 532-4601 |
National
Drug Intelligence Center 8201 Greensboro Drive, Suite 1001 McLean, VA 22102-3840 Tel. (703) 556-8970
|
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