
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA,
Plaintiff,
v.
96-6159
LONG BEACH MORTGAGE COMPANY,
Defendant.
____________________________________
The United States of America and Long Beach Mortgage Company have agreed to enter into this Stipulated Order and Settlement Agreement ("Agreement") simultaneously with the filing by the United States of its Complaint alleging violations of the Fair Housing Act (42 U.S.C. §§ 3601-3619) and the Equal Credit Opportunity Act (15 U.S.C. § 1691-1691f) by Long Beach Bank FSB (the "Bank"), the predecessor in interest to Long Beach Mortgage Company ("LBMC") , to resolve fully and finally all claims asserted, or that could have been asserted, arising out of or relating to the matters referred to in the Complaint.
The Bank operated in what the lending industry calls the "B/C" credit market (in which market LBMC currently operates), where borrowers, usually because of their impaired credit, paid prices higher than for "A" residential mortgage loans to compensate for increased risk to the lender ("B/C" residential mortgage loans are hereafter referred to as "mortgage loans"). The Complaint alleges that during the period January 1991 through June 1994, the Bank engaged in lending practices that constituted unlawful discrimination on the basis of race, national origin, gender and age. The United States maintains that evidence, including a statistical analysis, shows (1) that the Bank treated African American, Hispanic, female or older borrowers differently from younger, white male borrowers by charging them higher prices for mortgage loans and (2) that there is no non-discriminatory explanation for this difference in treatment. The United States does not claim that the Bank discriminated in charging borrowers a risk-related premium, but rather in the additional discretionary amounts that were charged by its loan officer employees and its wholesale brokers.
The Complaint alleges that a lender is responsible for discriminatory loan prices in the entirety of its lending operations. The Complaint further alleges that while "retail" loans were generated through employees of the Bank and "wholesale" loans were generated through independent third-party mortgage brokers, the Bank retained the right to determine whether to grant the loan and to set the terms and conditions of financing, and any resulting credit was extended by and in the name of the Bank.
LBMC denies all allegations in the Complaint and all claims made by the United States of discrimination by the Bank. LBMC disputes the validity of the statistical analysis relied upon by the United States as the principal basis for its claims and further maintains that the United States' theories of liability regarding wholesale lending are legally unsupportable.
LBMC acknowledges that some borrowers may pay higher prices for mortgage loans because of limited credit availability or lack of borrower sophistication and knowledge of alternative credit sources. LBMC asserts that these problems could be better addressed by intensive national efforts in consumer education and industry-wide initiatives directed at employee and broker education and training. Nevertheless, LBMC states that, whatever its differences with the United States as to the characterization of past events, it shares the goal of the United States of assuring that considerations such as race, national origin, gender or age play no role whatsoever in the price of credit, and LBMC is entering into this Agreement in order to further that goal.
The United States acknowledges that LBMC cooperated fully during the United States' investigation of this matter. Moreover, LBMC is willing to further the spirit of the fair lending laws by adopting creative remedies such as taking a leadership role in the consumer education initiatives described in this Agreement.
The United States recognizes the important role that consumer education initiatives can have in complementing the remedial aspects of this Agreement that directly address the violations alleged in the Complaint and the invaluable service LBMC can provide by taking a leadership role in these endeavors. It also commends LBMC for its willingness to commit substantial funds to an ambitious project that is designed to accomplish the objectives of the fair lending laws.
The parties have agreed that to avoid costly litigation this controversy should be resolved voluntarily. The parties have also agreed that there should be no evidentiary hearing, trial or other adjudication on the merits, and that entry of this Agreement is not to be construed as an admission by LBMC of the validity of the claims asserted against it as successor in interest to the Bank.
Now, therefore, on the basis of the foregoing, the United States and LBMC agree, and the Court orders as follows:
It is so agreed by the parties and approved and ordered by the
Court as evidenced by their respective signatures on the attached page.
SO ORDERED:
DICKRAN TEVRIZIAN
UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT JUDGE
DATE: SEPTEMBER 5, 1996
Stipulated and agreed to this 3rd day of September, 1996.
FOR PLAINTIFF UNITED STATES OF AMERICA:
DEVAL L. PATRICK
Assistant Attorney General
PAUL F. HANCOCK
Chief, Housing and Civil Enforcement Section
ALEXANDER C. ROSS
Special Litigation Counsel
JENNIFER C. CASS
GAVIN C. DOWELL
Trial Attorneys
U.S. Department of Justice
Civil Rights Division
P.O. Box 65998
Washington, DC 20035-5998
(202) 514-4713
FOR DEFENDANT LONG BEACH MORTGAGE COMPANY:
RICHARD L. THORNBURGH
RONALD W. STEVENS
LAURENCE E. PLATT
THOMAS J. NOTO
Kirkpatrick & Lockhart LLP
Suite 200
1800 Massachusetts Ave., N.W.
Washington, DC 20036-1800
(202) 778-9000
Pursuant to paragraph 7 of the Stipulated Order and Settlement Agreement, LBMC will provide the United States with a written description of the statistical model that it intends to use to monitor its retail mortgage loan prices. LBMC will identify for the United States the variables that LBMC intends to incorporate in this statistical model. The United States shall notify LBMC in writing as soon as practicable of any objections it may have to any of the variables identified by LBMC and the reasons for such objection. It is understood and agreed that LBMC shall have no liability whatsoever to any person or entity for any price disparities that are attributable to the good faith use of any particular variable(s) prior to the date on which LBMC receives written notification from the United States of its objection to the use of such variable(s) and its reason(s) for such objection(s).
If the parties are unable to resolve the matter informally within the thirty (30) day period following the date of LBMC's receipt of the United States' written objection(s), the United States may petition the Court within fifteen (15) days of the end of the aforesaid thirty (30)-day period for a declaration that statistically significant price differences attributable solely to any variable(s) to which it has objected in writing would violate the Equal Credit Opportunity Act or the Fair Housing Act. Any findings of fact and law necessary for such a declaration shall be made by the Court.
In connection with any proceeding initiated by the United, States to obtain such a declaration, nothing contained in this Agreement shall be deemed to constitute a waiver by either the United States or LBMC with respect to, or otherwise estop either of them from presenting to the Court, any argument either party may otherwise have regarding the validity of any variable or of any other argument raised by the United States in support of any assertion that LBMC's conduct with respect to the pricing of mortgage loans has resulted in a purported violation of the Equal Credit Opportunity Act or the Fair Housing Act.
If and only if the United States both serves a written notice of objection(s) to the use of any particular variable(s) upon LBMC and subsequently petitions the Court for a declaration as aforesaid, then, in the event that the Court rules in favor of the United States, LBMC shall be liable to any borrower whose actual mortgage loan price materially exceeds the mortgage loan price predicted for such borrower by a statistical model that does not include the variable(s) found by the Court to be invalid and to have resulted in a violation of the Equal Credit Opportunity Act or the Fair Housing Act ("out-of-pocket expenses"). LBMC's liability to any such borrower shall be determined as of the date that LBMC received written notice from the United States of its objection(s) to the variable(s) at issue, and shall be limited to reimbursement to the borrower(s) of his/her/their out-of-pocket expenses.
In the event that LBMC's use of a model that has been accepted by the United States reveals that any borrower was discriminated against based on a prohibited factor, LBMC shall provide compensation to such borrower equal to his/her/their actual out-of-pocket expenses. The intent of the parties is to limit compensation in any and all cases to actual out-of-pocket amounts paid by any borrower and the United States agrees not to seek additional damages or penalties in connection with any such material price differences; provided, however, that the United States may seek additional damages or penalties if it can demonstrate that LBMC's continued use of any variable to which the United States objected in writing and which is subsequently found by the Court to be invalid and to have resulted in a violation of the Equal Credit Opportunity Act or the Fair Housing Act, was done in bad faith and without any reasonable basis for believing that such variable could validly be used in the statistical model. In this respect, the fact that LBMC continued to use any such variable(s) after receipt of written notice from the United States of its objection(s) thereto shall not, of itself, be sufficient to establish that LBMC's continued use of such variable was in bad faith and/or unreasonable.
Dear _____________:
Long Beach Mortgage Company ("LBMC") is the successor in interest to Long Beach Bank ("the Bank"). Our records indicate that during the period January 1991 through June 1994, you obtained a mortgage loan from the Bank (the "Loan"). LBMC and the United States Department of Justice ("United States") recently settled a lawsuit in which the United States alleged that from January 1991 through June 1994, the policies and practices of the Bank resulted in certain African American, Hispanic, female and older (persons over the age of 55) customers paying a higher price on their mortgage loans than similarly situated younger white male customers of the Bank.
We have denied those allegations and continue to assert that the Bank never discriminated in its mortgage loan business. Nevertheless, we have agreed with the government to voluntarily resolve this controversy, in part, through the payment of money to those persons identified by the United States as allegedly injured by these practices.
The terms of the settlement between the United States and LBMC are incorporated in a Stipulated Order and Settlement Agreement ("Agreement") signed by the parties and signed and approved by the United States District Court for the Central District of California ("Court"), and which is available upon written request from the Clerk of the Court at the following address:
In addition to the establishment of a $3 million settlement fund ("Fund") to be used to compensate 1,200 retail and wholesale borrowers, the Agreement provides that, for a period of three years, LBMC will (1) not engage in any act or practice that violates any federal fair lending law; (2) conduct training courses for LBMC's existing and future employees involved in retail mortgage loan pricing regarding LBMC's obligations under the Agreement, the purpose and content of federal fair lending laws and LBMC's own policies prohibiting violations of such laws; (3) use its best efforts to place mortgage loan applicants in appropriate risk classifications based on objective credit and risk-related criteria; (4) develop and implement a statistical model to monitor retail mortgage loan prides on an ongoing basis, which model is subject to review by the United States; (5) conduct a quarterly review of, and prepare written reports regarding, the results of the retail monitoring system, and if such system reveals material, unexplained pricing disparities, provide appropriate counselling to the responsible persons and determine whether to take one or more additional steps (reduction of commissions, suspension or limitation of pricing flexibility by the responsible person, closer monitoring and/or suspension or discharge of the responsible persons) ; (6) inform all wholesale brokers with whom it has a contractual relationship that LBMC adheres to the fair lending laws, will offer to provide training in such laws to brokers, seeks to ensure that loan applicants are placed in the appropriate credit risk level on a non-discriminatory basis, uses wholesale price sheets that reflect the price LBMC seeks to obtain at each credit risk level and that wholesale brokers may charge such additional amounts as may be permitted by applicable law, LBMC reserves the right to reject a broker's proposal or make a counteroffer when it believes the broker's proposed compensation and costs are not permitted under the fair lending laws and that each broker must provide the proposed borrower with all disclosures required by law; and (7) periodically review the results of its wholesale lending operations for its compliance with fair lending laws.
Pursuant to the Court-approved Agreement, the government has determined that you should receive a payment of $________ in connection with your Loan. The United States believes the money you are entitled to receive is full and adequate compensation for your potential claim. If you desire to receive this money, you must sign the General Release enclosed with this letter in which you agree to accept this money in exchange for your full release of LBMC in connection with the Loan. The release waives your right to sue for any claim you might have arising out of or relating to the Loan. You must sign this release in the presence of a notary public, and return the signed release to:
Long Beach Mortgage Company
1100 Town & Country Road
Suite 1100
Orange, California 92668
Attn: Consumer Relations Department
The signed and notarized release must be returned to the above address no later than ____________, 1996 [forty-five (45) days after the date of this letter]. If LBMC receives the executed release by such date, LBMC will mail a check to you, in the amount specified above, within ten (10) business days after the Fund is established and receipt by LBMC of your fully executed release. The method of delivery of the release is at your option but registered mail, return receipt requested, is recommended. If you do not want to participate in this settlement, you may decline to do so and thereby give up your right to receive money under the Agreement while retaining the right to hire your own attorney and proceed on your own.
Sincerely,
STATE OF CALIFORNIA
COUNTY OF _____________
WHEREAS I/we, __________________ and _________________, understand that the United States Department of Justice ("the United States") has conducted an investigation of Long Beach Bank, FSB ("the Bank"), and has alleged that with respect to certain mortgage loans originated during the period January 1, 1991, through June 30, 1994, the Bank violated provisions of the Fair Housing Act and the Equal Credit Opportunity Act;
WHEREAS, I/we understand that the Bank and its successor in interest Long Beach Mortgage Company ("LBMC") categorically deny that the Bank violated any provisions of the Fair Housing Act or the Equal Credit Opportunity Act;
WHEREAS, I/we obtained a mortgage loan with the Bank between January 1, 1991 and June 30, 1994 (the "Loan");
WHEREAS, I/we understand that in order to avoid costly litigation, LBMC and the United States have resolved the matter by entering into a Stipulated Order and Settlement Agreement ("Agreement") that has been approved by the United States District Court for the Central District of California ("Court"), and that I/we will be entitled to a payment from a Settlement Fund ("Fund") established pursuant to the Agreement provided that we execute the General Release described below;
THEREFORE, I/we agree to the following:
In consideration of _________________ to be paid to me/us out of the Fund, I/we hereby agree, effective upon receipt of payment, to release and forever discharge LBMC and its current, former, and future officers, directors, employees, agents, parent companies, affiliates, predecessors, and successors from any and all legal and equitable claims or causes of action, whether or not known or suspected to exist as of the date of execution of this General Release, that have been or might have been asserted by me/us or the United States, as of the date of execution of this General Release, that arise out of or relate to the Loan.
I/we understand that the payment to be made to me/us does not constitute an admission by the Bank or LBMC of the validity of any claims made by me/us or by the United States on our behalf.
I/we understand that there will be only one compensation payment even though there may have been two or more co-applicants and that the above-designated payment will be the sole and total compensation paid to us arising out of the Loans.
I/we acknowledge that I/we understand and are waiving my/our right to pursue my/our own legal action instead of accepting payment from the Fund.
With respect to any and all claims released hereby, the undersigned stipulate and agree to expressly waive and relinquish, to the fullest extent permitted by law, the provisions, rights, and benefits of § 1542 of the California Civil Code, which provides:
A general release does not extend to claims which the creditor does not know or suspect to exist in his favor at the time of executing the release, which if known by him must have materially affected the settlement with the debtor.
This General Release constitutes the entire agreement between LBMC and me/us, without exception or exclusion.
I/we have read this General Release and understand the contents hereof, and I/we execute this General Release of my/our own free act(s) and deed(s).
Signed this _______ day of ____________, 1996.
Borrower ________________
Borrower ________________
On ________, 1996, before me personally appeared _______________ and ________________, proved to me on the basis of satisfactory evidence to be the person(s) whose name(s) is/are subscribed to the within instrument and acknowledged to me that he/she/they executed the same.
WITNESS my hand and official seal.
Notary Public
(SEAL)
1. All notices, correspondence, reports, or documents required to be provided to the United States shall be mailed to the following address:
Chief, Housing and Civil Enforcement Section
Civil Rights Division
U.S. Department of Justice
P.O. Box 65998
Washington, D.C. 20035
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Steven H. Rosenbaum |
Chief |
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Housing & Civil Enforcement Section |
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(202) 514-4713
TTY - 202-305-1882 FAX - (202) 514-1116 To Report an Incident of Housing Discrimination: 1-800-896-7743 |
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U.S. Department of Justice
Civil Rights Division 950 Pennsylvania Avenue, N.W. Housing and Civil Enforcement Section, NWB Washington, D.C. 20530 Email: fairhousing@usdoj.gov |