Title IX Of The Education Amendments Of 1972, 20 U.S.C. §1681 et seq.
Title IX Of The Education Amendments Of 1972, 20 U.S.C. §1681 et seq.
Overview of Title IX of the Education Amendments of 1972
On June 23, 1972, the President signed Title IX of the Education Amendments of 1972, 20 U.S.C. §1681 et seq., into law. Title IX is a comprehensive federal law that prohibits discrimination on the basis of sex in any federally funded education program or activity. The principal objective of Title IX is to avoid the use of federal money to support sex discrimination in education programs and to provide individual citizens effective protection against those practices.
Title IX applies, with a few specific exceptions, to all aspects of federally funded education programs or activities. In addition to traditional educational institutions such as colleges, universities, and elementary and secondary schools, Title IX also applies to any education or training program operated by a recipient of federal financial assistance. The Department of Education issued regulations on the requirements of Title IX, 34 C.F.R. § 106.1et seq., in 2000. A Title IX common rule, published on August 30, 2000, covers education program providers/recipients that are funded by other federal agencies.
To get more information on Title IX, please visit the Department of Education's Office for Civil Rights or the Educational Opportunities Section websites.
Statutes & Regulations
- Title IX Statute (HTML version)
Rulemaking actions to effectuate regulations implementing Title IX:
- Title IX Final Common Rule for 21 Federal agencies: Nondiscrimination on the Basis of Sex in Education Programs or Activities Receiving Federal Financial Assistance (65 Fed. Reg. 52857) (HTML or PDF) and accompanying press release
Rulemaking actions to incorporate the Civil Rights Restoration Act's broadened definitions of "program or activity" and "program" into Title IX regulations:
- Department of Education's Final Rule, published November 13, 2000 (HTML or PDF)
- Department of Education's Title IX regulations, 34 C.F.R. § 106.1 et seq. (HTML or PDF)
- Link to Title IX regulations of other federal agencies
Title IX Resources
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Letter to State Officials Regarding Transgender Youth and Federal Nondiscrimination Obligations -
Applying Bostock v. Clayton County to Civil Rights Statutes Beyond Title VII (January 2022)
- Title IX Legal Manual: Updated 2021 (
PDF) (HTML)
Title IX & Sex Discrimination
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DOJ and Education Fact Sheet: Confronting LGBTQI+ Harassment in Schools- June 23, 2021
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DOJ Statement of Interest in Brandt v. Rutledge, 4:21-cv-450-JM (E.D. Ark.)- June 17, 2021 -
DOJ Statement of Interest in B.P.J. v. West Virginia State Board of Education, et al., 2:21-cv-00316 (S.D. W.Va.) - June 17, 2021
- Notification of Interpretation and Enforcement of Section 1557 of the Affordable Care Act and Title IX of the Education Amendments of 1972- May 10, 2021
