Federal Bias Categories Included by State Laws
Federal laws protect against certain crimes motivated by race, color, national origin, religion, sexual orientation, gender, gender identity, and disability. The bias categories included in state laws vary. The table below indicates which of the categories included in federal hate crimes laws are included in each state’s laws. State laws may also include additional types of bias not listed on this chart.
KEY: Yes ⚫ | No ◯
State | Race/Color | National Origin | Religion | Sexual Orientation |
Gender/Sex | Gender Identity |
Disability |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Alabama | ⚫ | ⚫ | ⚫ | ◯ | ◯ | ◯ | ⚫ |
Alaska | ⚫ | ⚫ | ⚫ | ◯ | ⚫ | ◯ | ⚫ |
Arizona | ⚫ | ⚫ | ⚫ | ⚫ | ⚫ | ◯ | ⚫ |
Arkansas | ◯ | ◯ | ⚫ | ◯ | ◯ | ◯ | ◯ |
California | ⚫ | ⚫ | ⚫ | ⚫ | ⚫ | ◯ | ⚫ |
Colorado | ⚫ | ⚫ | ⚫ | ⚫ | ◯ | ◯ | ⚫ |
Connecticut | ⚫ | ⚫ | ⚫ | ⚫ | ⚫ | ⚫ | ⚫ |
Delaware | ⚫ | ⚫ | ⚫ | ⚫ | ⚫ | ⚫ | ⚫ |
District of Columbia | ⚫ | ⚫ | ⚫ | ⚫ | ⚫ | ⚫ | ⚫ |
Florida | ⚫ | ⚫ | ⚫ | ⚫ | ◯ | ◯ | ⚫ |
Georgia | ⚫ | ⚫ | ⚫ | ⚫ | ⚫ | ⚫ | ⚫ |
Hawaii | ⚫ | ⚫ | ⚫ | ⚫ | ⚫ | ⚫ | ⚫ |
Idaho | ⚫ | ⚫ | ⚫ | ◯ | ◯ | ◯ | ◯ |
Illinois | ⚫ | ⚫ | ⚫ | ⚫ | ⚫ | ◯ | ⚫ |
Indiana | ⚫ | ⚫ | ⚫ | ⚫ | ◯ | ◯ | ⚫ |
Iowa | ⚫ | ⚫ | ⚫ | ⚫ | ⚫ | ◯ | ⚫ |
Kansas | ⚫ | ⚫ | ⚫ | ⚫ | ◯ | ◯ | ⚫ |
Kentucky | ⚫ | ⚫ | ⚫ | ⚫ | ◯ | ◯ | ◯ |
Louisiana | ⚫ | ⚫ | ⚫ | ⚫ | ⚫ | ◯ | ⚫ |
Maine | ⚫ | ⚫ | ⚫ | ⚫ | ⚫ | ◯ | ⚫ |
Maryland | ⚫ | ⚫ | ⚫ | ⚫ | ⚫ | ◯ | ⚫ |
Massachusetts | ⚫ | ⚫ | ⚫ | ⚫ | ⚫ | ⚫ | ⚫ |
Michigan | ⚫ | ⚫ | ⚫ | ◯ | ⚫ | ◯ | ◯ |
Minnesota | ⚫ | ⚫ | ⚫ | ⚫ | ⚫ | ◯ | ⚫ |
Mississippi | ⚫ | ⚫ | ⚫ | ◯ | ⚫ | ◯ | ◯ |
Missouri | ⚫ | ⚫ | ⚫ | ⚫ | ⚫ | ◯ | ⚫ |
Montana | ⚫ | ⚫ | ⚫ | ◯ | ◯ | ◯ | ◯ |
Nebraska | ⚫ | ⚫ | ⚫ | ⚫ | ⚫ | ◯ | ⚫ |
Nevada | ⚫ | ⚫ | ⚫ | ⚫ | ⚫ | ⚫ | ⚫ |
New Hampshire | ⚫ | ⚫ | ⚫ | ⚫ | ⚫ | ⚫ | ⚫ |
New Jersey | ⚫ | ⚫ | ⚫ | ⚫ | ⚫ | ⚫ | ⚫ |
New Mexico | ⚫ | ⚫ | ⚫ | ⚫ | ⚫ | ⚫ | ⚫ |
New York | ⚫ | ⚫ | ⚫ | ⚫ | ⚫ | ⚫ | ⚫ |
North Carolina | ⚫ | ⚫ | ⚫ | ◯ | ⚫ | ◯ | ◯ |
North Dakota | ⚫ | ⚫ | ⚫ | ◯ | ⚫ | ◯ | ◯ |
Ohio | ⚫ | ⚫ | ⚫ | ◯ | ⚫ | ◯ | ◯ |
Oklahoma | ⚫ | ⚫ | ⚫ | ◯ | ◯ | ◯ | ⚫ |
Oregon | ⚫ | ⚫ | ⚫ | ⚫ | ⚫ | ⚫ | ⚫ |
Pennsylvania | ⚫ | ⚫ | ⚫ | ◯ | ◯ | ◯ | ◯ |
Rhode Island | ⚫ | ⚫ | ⚫ | ⚫ | ⚫ | ◯ | ⚫ |
South Carolina | ◯ | ◯ | ◯ | ◯ | ◯ | ◯ | ◯ |
South Dakota | ⚫ | ⚫ | ⚫ | ◯ | ◯ | ◯ | ◯ |
Tennessee | ⚫ | ⚫ | ⚫ | ⚫ | ⚫ | ◯ | ⚫ |
Texas | ⚫ | ⚫ | ⚫ | ⚫ | ⚫ | ◯ | ⚫ |
Utah | ⚫ | ⚫ | ⚫ | ⚫ | ⚫ | ⚫ | ⚫ |
Vermont | ⚫ | ⚫ | ⚫ | ⚫ | ⚫ | ⚫ | ⚫ |
Virginia | ⚫ | ⚫ | ⚫ | ⚫ | ⚫ | ⚫ | ⚫ |
Washington | ⚫ | ⚫ | ⚫ | ⚫ | ⚫ | ⚫ | ⚫ |
West Virginia | ⚫ | ⚫ | ⚫ | ◯ | ⚫ | ◯ | ◯ |
Wisconsin | ⚫ | ⚫ | ⚫ | ⚫ | ◯ | ◯ | ⚫ |
Wyoming | ◯ | ◯ | ◯ | ◯ | ◯ | ◯ | ◯ |
Updated January 27, 2023