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People's Republic of China

Citizenship and Country Documents

US Government Reports

  • Congressional Executive Commission on China - Nov. 2022
  • State Department - Country Documents
  • Library of Congress - Law Library of Congress (LLOC)
    • Family Reunification Laws in Selected Jurisdictions - July 2014

Foreign Government Reports

  • Austrailian Migration Review Tribunal - Refugee Review Tribunal
    • CHN38618 - May 2011
      1. Apart from restrictions on travel, what else would lack of passport mean in China?
      2. How likely is it that a Chinese passport would not be renewed if it became apparent that its owner was not residing at an address given in the application (even though they could be contacted at that address)
    • CHN36460 - April 2010
      1. What are the penalties for travelling out of the PRC on false documents, if discovered?
    • CHN36267 - March 2010
      1. Is the child able to obtain Chinese citizenship?
  • Canada Responses to Information Requests (RIRs) -
    • CHN201661.E - Whether authorities seize the passports, identity documents, or travel documents of persons who are the subject of a criminal summons, a police investigation, or criminal charges (2021–October 2023) - Oct. 2023 
    • CHN200754.E - China: Replacement of CHN200326 on documents issued by the Public Security Bureau (PSB), including Administrative Penalty Decision (APD) [also known as Administrative Punishment Decision documents, particularly in Fujian and Guangdong provinces; appearance and security features of such documents; payment of bail or fines, including authority responsible for issuing the receipt of payment (2017–September 2021) - Oct 2021
    • CHN200753.E - China: Birth certificates, including content, appearance and security features; requirements and procedures to obtain a birth certificate; whether birth certificates are a provincial or national document; specimen (2019-September 2021) - Oct. 2021
    • CHN200327.E - China: Requirements and procedure to obtain a birth certificate; appearance and security features; administrative transactions that can be performed with a birth certificate (2017–October 2020) – Oct. 2020
    • CHN200326.E - China: Documents issued by the Public Security Bureau (PSB), including Administrative Penalty Decision and Confirmation of Release documents, particularly in Fujian and Guangdong provinces; appearance and security features of such documents; payment of bail or fines, including authority responsible for issuing the receipt of payment (2017–October 2020) – Oct. 2020
    • CHN200324.E - China: The use of computerized identity verification and facial recognition technology, including at airports and other transportation and public spaces (2019–October 2020) – Oct. 2020
    • CHN106016.E - China: English translation of samples of summonses - Feb. 2018
    • CHN105545.E  - China: Information on birth registration for children born out of wedlock; whether the name of the father appears on the birth certificate if the child is born out of wedlock; what information may appear on the birth certificate if the father is unknown; whether the father's name may be added to the child's birth certificate by referring to the father's Resident Identity Card, particularly relating to Henan Province birth certificates (2010-June 2016) - June 2016
    • CHN41021.E - Whether the Chinese authorities would stamp the passport of a Chinese student studying in Canada who was returning to China for a vacation - Mar. 2003

Non-Governmental Report

  • Human Rights Watch Report Profile
    • One Passport, Two Systems - China’s Restrictions on Foreign Travel by Tibetans and Others - July 2015

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Driver's license

Foreign Government Reports

  • Canada Responses to Information Requests (RIRs) -
    • CHN105632.E - China: Process to obtain a People's Republic of China (PRC) driver's licensce; documents required; whether the serial number on the national identity card is the same as the ID number that appears on the driver's license (2014-September 2016) - October 2016
    • CHN103406.E - The identification numbers on a driver's license, including the identification numbers on a driver's license issued in Dalian, Liaoning - March 2010
    • CHN43273.E - A sample copy or description of a Type E driver's license issued in Fuqing, Fujian (2004-2005) - February 2005

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Hukou System (Household Registry)

US Government Reports

  • RIC Report
  • Congressional Executive Commission on China
    • Hukou Reform Addressing the Issue of ‘‘Illegal Residents’’ - 2016
    • Special Topic Paper: China's Household Registration System: Sustained Reform Needed to Protect China's Rural Migrants - Oot 2005

Foreign Government Reports

  • Canada Responses to Information Requests (RIRs)
    • CHN200599.E - The hukou [residential registration] document, including appearance, content, fraud, pathways for obtaining, requirements, and procedures; hukou policy, including national regulations and local policies; circumstances when a hukou might be cancelled; the effect of divorce on the hukou, particularly if the head of the household has divorced, relocated and remarried, and whether a new head of the household is appointed (2010–July 2022) - September 2022 (PDF)
    • CHN105576.E  - China: Procedures in Hebei province for updating a hukou with a change of address or after a change in the head of household, including whether new pages are added or an entirely new booklet is issued (2014-July 2016) - July 2016
    • CHN101420 - Household registration booklets (hukous) with loose pages inserted; whether or not hukous with loose pages exist in Changsha, Hunan province; the production of these hukous and their security features - June 2006
    • CHN101198 - The hukou; whether there remains a distinction between urban and rural hukou; social services available to persons holding an urban or rural hukou; the temporary hukou; and whether a person who is not registered in an urban area can obtain social services, including a hukou (2005 - 2006) - April 2006
    • Issue Paper - Reforms of the Household Registration System (HUKOU) (1998-2004) - February 2005
    • CHN43261.E - Information on the likelihood or probability of someone getting a rural hukou if he/she has an urban hukou , or has an urban hukou but previously had a rural hukou - January 2005
  • Austrailian Migration Review Tribunal - Refugee Review Tribunal
    • CHN36335 - March 2010
      1. What restrictions are there, if any, on persons moving to live and work in Beijing?

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Resident Identity Cards (RIC)

Foreign Government Reports

  • Canada Responses to Information Requests (RIRs)
    • CHN105598.E - China: Whether a new Resident Identity Card (RIC) is issued at the same time as a new hukou to reflect a change of address when a person moves out; procedures for updating a RIC with a change of address; information that applies to Hebei Province (2014-July 2016) - Aug 2016
    • CHN103755.E - Appearance of the second-generation Resident Identity Card (RIC), includingpersonal information represented on the card; procedure for testing cards for authenticity - July 2011
    • CHN103754 - China: Procedures for issuing second-generation Resident Identity Cards (RICs), including whether the procedures vary in different parts of China; application processing times and whether validity periods are assigned when the application is made or when the card is issued - July 2011
    • CHN42704.E - Further to CHN42321.E of 20 April 2004, the issuance of temporary Chinese resident identity cards; to whom they are issued; for what purpose; the duration of the cards; process for obtaining the card; description of the card; whether the Public Security Bureau (PSB) would issue such a card to someone who is wanted by the authorities for a criminal act (July 2004) - August 2004

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Children

Foreign Government Reports

  • Austrailian Migration Review Tribunal - Refugee Review Tribunal
    • CHN36059 - February 2010
      • C. Are children who are born out of wedlock and have gained household registration subject to discrimination or harm in China? If so, what is the nature of the discrimination and harm and is state protection available (both legally and in practice) in such circumstances?
    • CHN36267 - March 2010
      1. Is the child able to obtain Chinese citizenship?
  • Canada Responses to Information Requests (RIRs)
    • CHN105636.E - China: Treatment of "illegal" or "black" children born outside the family planning policy; whether unregistered children are denied access to education, health care and other services; information on punitive measures taken against parents who violated family planning policy before and/or after policy changes effective January 2016 (2013-September 2016) - October 2016
    • CHN105545.E  - China: Information on birth registration for children born out of wedlock; whether the name of the father appears on the birth certificate if the child is born out of wedlock; what information may appear on the birth certificate if the father is unknown; whether the father's name may be added to the child's birth certificate by referring to the father's Resident Identity Card, particularly relating to Henan Province birth certificates (2010-June 2016) - June 2016
    • CHN104186.E - China: Treatment of "illegal" or "black" children born outside the family planning policy; whether unregistered children are denied access to education, health care and other services - October 2012
  • Amnesty International
    • Child And Young Human Rights Defenders Leading Human Rights Change Submission To The UN Special Rapporteur On Human Rights Defenders - Nov. 2023

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Returned Overseas Children

Foreign Government Reports

  • Austrailian Migration Review Tribunal - Refugee Review Tribunal
    • CHN36059 - February 2010
      • A. What are the official procedures that need to be undertaken for children born overseas when their parents return to China? To the extent that a fee is to be paid for having a child overseas, how much is that fee and/or how is it calculated?
      • B. Do children born overseas incur any official penalties (other than family planning penalties) upon return to China on the basis of being born overseas?
      • E. Previous DFAT advice indicates that there are two circumstances in which couples returning to China are exempt from family planning fees for having an unauthorised second child. Do these exemptions also apply to individuals who have a child out of wedlock as opposed to an unauthorised second child?
      • F. In relation to the above family planning exemptions, what are the requirements for Chinese nationals who have returned to China after studying overseas? Is it relevant whether they have completed the course they undertook to complete, or is having being granted a student visa and having lived abroad on that visa sufficient?
  • Canada Responses to Information Requests (RIRs) -
    • CHN43512.E - Whether a foreign-born spouse and child of a Chinese national can enter China, reside there and acquire Chinese nationality; whether the parents would encounter difficulties in returning to China or be penalized under family planning regulations if, in addition to the foreign-born child, a second child were born to the couple in China (2003-2005) - April 2005

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Corruption

Foreign Government Reports

  • Austrailian Migration Review Tribunal - Refugee Review Tribunal
    • CHN38273 - February 2011
      1. What reported incidents are there, if any, of corruption in the public service in China, particularly in the recruitment/employment sector?
    • CHN36488 - April 2010
      1. Please provide information on the prevalence of corruption and bribery of local officials in China. Is the government acting to fight corruption?

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Disabilities

Elections

US Government Reports

  • Congressional Research Service (CRS)
    • Prospects for Democracy in Hong Kong: Results of the 2012 Elections - Sept. 2012

Foreign Government Reports

  • UK Home Office - Country Information and Guidance
    • Opposition to the state - Mar. 2024 (Updated), Dec. 2023

Non-Government Organization Reports

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Ethnic Groups / Race

US Government Reports

  • Congressional Executive Commission on China - Nov. 2022
  • Congressional Research Service

Foreign Government Reports

  • Canada Responses to Information Requests (RIRs) -
    • CHN201172.E - China: Situation of Hui Muslims and their treatment by society and authorities; state protection (2020–September 2022) - Oct. 2022
    • CHN105981.E - China: Effects of the implementation of the new Family Planning Policy on ethnic minorities and children born outside the country, including access to social services and benefits, in Guangdong, Fujian, and Hebei; whether the previous Family Planning Policy is being applied retroactively to those who have violated the policy, including in Guangdong, Fujian, and Hebei (October 2015-August 2017) - Oct 2017
  • Austrailian Migration Review Tribunal - Refugee Review Tribunal
    • CHN37825 - November 2010 
      1. Please provide any available information about the ethnic composition of the general population, and the police force in particular, in Guizhou Province.
    • CHN36374 - April 2010
      1. The Miao peoples of Guizhou
        2.1. What percentage of the population in Guiyang is of Miao ethnicity?
        2.2. Where to the Miao peoples live?
        2.2.1. Do all the Miao people live in the one area/village?
        2.2.2. Are there many Miao villages around Guiyang?
        2.2.3. Is there a village called Miao?
      2. Religion and belief
        3.1. What religion are the Miao people?
        3.2. What festivals do the Miao people celebrate in Guiyang?
        3.3. Are there any reports of members of the Local Church proselytising in Guiyang?
        3.4. Are there any reports of members of the Local Church being arrested/detained in the karst caves near Guiyang in January 2006?
      3. Tobacco and Smoking
        4.1. Do Miao children smoke?
        4.2. Is smoking seen as a local tradition for the Miao children in Guiyang?
        4.3. Is it seen as a problem in the Guiyang area?
        4.4. Is there a particular tobacco planting area near Guiyang?
        4.5. Is there a state owned tobacco factory in Guiyang? Please provide the name and location of this factory

Non-Government Organization Reports

  • Minority Rights Group International
    • State of the World's Minorities and Indigenous Peoples - 2016
  • World Directory of Minorities - Overview

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Ethnic Groups / Race - Koreans

Foreign Government Reports

  • Canada Responses to Information Requests (RIRs) -
    • CHN104384.E - China: Language of instruction for ethnic Koreans in the provinces of Heilongjiang, Jilin, and Liaoning; list of Korean schools in Muling, Heilongjiang since 1960 - April 2013

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Ethnic Groups / Race - Mongolians

Non-Government Organization Reports

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Ethnic Groups / Race - Uyghur

US Government Reports

  • Congressional Executive Commission on China Annual Report - Xinjiang
    • Global Supply Chains, Forced Labor, and the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region - March 2020
  • Congressional Research Service

Non-Government Organization Reports

  • Amnesty International
    • China - Hearts and Lives Broken:  The Nightmare of Uyghur Families Separated by Repression – March 2021
    • "JUSTICE, JUSTICE" The July 2009 Protests in XinJiang, China - 2010
  • Austrian Centre for Country of Origin and Asylum Research and Documentation (ACCORD)
    • China: Situation of Uyghurs: COI Compilation - April 2016
  • Freedom House
    • Defending Democracy in Exile – 2022
  • Human Rights Watch
    • China - “Break Their Lineage, Break Their Roots” China’s Crimes against Humanity Targeting Uyghurs and Other Turkic Muslims – April 2021
    • “Eradicating Ideological Viruses” China’s Campaign of Repression Against Xinjiang’s Muslims - September 2018
    • Devastating Blows: Religious Repression of Uighurs in Xinjiang - April 2005
  • World Directory of Minorities - Uighur profile

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Gender

US Government Reports

  • Congressional Executive Commission on China Annual Report
    • Congressional Executive Commission on China - Nov. 2022
    • Status of Women - 2021

Foreign Government Reports

  • Canada Responses to Information Requests (RIRs) -
    • CHN201662.E - Treatment of unwed mothers and children born outside of wedlock by authorities and society, including access to support services, particularly in Fujian Province, including Fuzhou, and Guangdong Province (2021–September 2023) - Sept. 2023
    • ZZZ201086.E - China and Hong Kong: Situation of political dissidents, particularly students, and treatment by People's Republic of China (PRC) authorities (2020–September 2022) - Sept 2022
    • CHN105846.E - China: Marriage and divorce certificates, including physical characteristics, regulations and standards governing their appearance and content; requirements and procedures to obtain them (2014-August 2017) - Aug 2017
  • Austrailian Migration Review Tribunal - Refugee Review Tribunal
    • CHN37269 - September 2010
      1. Whether Chinese authorities may fail to protect a Chinese woman against violence or other serious harm perpetrated by her former de facto husband's family members if the former de facto's family is considered to be 'powerful' (ie well-connected)

Non-Government Organization Reports

  • Human Rights Watch
    • “Take Maternity Leave and You’ll Be Replaced” China’s Two-Child Policy and Workplace Gender Discrimination – June 2021
    • “Only Men Need Apply” Gender Discrimination in Job Advertisements in China - April 2018

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Human Rights

US Government Reports

Foreign Government Reports

  • Canada Responses to Information Requests (RIRs)
    • CHN201662.E - Treatment of unwed mothers and children born outside of wedlock by authorities and society, including access to support services, particularly in Fujian Province, including Fuzhou, and Guangdong Province (2021–September 2023) - Sept. 2023
    • CHN201171.E - China: Domestic violence, including legislation; state protection; support services available to survivors, including mental health services - Oct. 2022
    • ZZZ200321.E - China and Hong Kong: Political situation and treatment of protesters; implementation of national security law and treatment of protesters sent to mainland China (2019–October 2020) – Sept. 2020
    • CHN106355.E - China: Exit controls and security measures at airports, particularly Beijing airport, for Chinese citizens travelling overseas, including procedures at check points and the use of computerized identity verification and facial recognition technology (2017-August 2019) - Oct 2019
  • UK Home Office - Country Information and Guidance
    • Opposition to the state - Mar. 2024 (Updated), Dec. 2023

Non-Government Organization Report

  • Amnesty International
    • Child And Young Human Rights Defenders Leading Human Rights Change Submission To The UN Special Rapporteur On Human Rights Defenders - Nov. 2023
    • China: Human Rights Violations in the Name of “National Security” Amnesty - May 2018
    • Against the Law - Crackdown on China's Human Rights Lawyers Deepens - June 2011
    • Standing Their Ground - Thousands Face Violent Eviction in China - June 2010
  • Freedom House
  • Human Rights Watch - 2024, 2023, 2022, 2021, 2020, 2019, 2018, 2017, 2016, 2015, 2014, 2013, 2012, 2011
  • Human Rights Watch
    • Asleep at the Wheel Car Companies’ Complicity in Forced Labor in China - Jan. 2024
    • “They Don’t Understand the Fear We Have” How China’s Long Reach of Repression Undermines Academic Freedom at Australia’s Universities – June 2021
    • "China’s Algorithms of Repression" Reverse Engineering a Xinjiang Police Mass Surveillance App – May 2019
    • The Costs of International Advocacy - China’s Interference in United Nations Human Rights Mechanisms - Sept 2017
    • "Swept Away" Abuses Against Sex Workers in China - May 2013
    • Promises Unfulfilled An Assessment of China’s National Human Rights Action Plan - Jan 2011
    • “One Year of My Blood” - Exploitation of Migrant Construction Workers in Beijing - March 2008
    • "We Could Disappear At Any Time" Retaliation and Abuses Against Chinese Petitioners - December 2005
    • Demolished - Forced Evictions and the Tenants' Rights Movement in China - March 2004
    • Paying the Price - Worker Unrest in Northeast China - Aug. 2002
    • Chinese Diplomacy, Western Hypocrisy and the U.N. Human Rights Commission - 1997

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Justice System

US Government Reports

  • Congressional Executive Commission on China
    • Congressional Executive Commission on China - Nov. 2022
    • Prospects for Reforming China's Reeducation Through Labor System - May 2013

Foreign Government Report

  • Austrailian Migration Review Tribunal - Refugee Review Tribunal

    1. If so, are there any reports of an increase in police interest associated with this growth?

    • CHN37292 - September 2010
      1. Does the 'Court of People's Prosecution' record convictions in relation to matters such as embezzlement?
      2. Please provide up-to-date information on departure checks in China and whether people who have been charged with, or convicted of, criminal offences would be able to leave the country.
    • CHN37437 - September 2010
      1. Is there information about local police corruption in Beijing and about police being associated with mafia elements?
      2. Is there any information to suggest that if a citizen has had problems with the local police in, say, Beijing, information about that citizen might be shared by the police with police in, say, Shenzhen, if the citizen were to relocate there?
    • CHN36823 - July 2010
      1. Would records of a person's 30 day detention in Liaoning province be accessible by the authorities of Shandong province?
    • CHN36806 - June 2010
      1. Please provide any information on black gaols, and in particular any mention of black gaols in association with any markets, or black gaols in Shenzhen.
    • CHN36905 - June 2010
      1. Would a Falun Gong practitioner, who has been detained on several occasions between 2005 and 2009 for periods ranging between a few days and three months, be regarded as having a criminal record in China?
      2. What period of time would a person have to have served in prison in order to be refused a notarial certificate stating that there was 'no record of committing offences against the criminal law during his residence in China'?
    • CHN36488 - April 2010
      1. Can a person leave China legally if there are outstanding police charges against them?
    • HKG36187 - March 2010
      1. Please provide information on the Chinese government's position in relation to persons convicted of a crime overseas.
      2. Please provide information on the Hong Kong government's position in relation to persons convicted of a crime overseas.
  • Canada Responses to Information Requests (RIRs)
    • CHN201660.E - Summonses and subpoenas, including regulations and authorities responsible for issuance; content, appearance and security features; samples (2021–October 2023) - Oct. 2023
    • CHN201171.E - China: Domestic violence, including legislation; state protection; support services available to survivors, including mental health services - Oct. 2022
    • CHN105217.E - China: Regulations on summonses; information on the contents of summonses, including whether these indicate where a person must present his or herself, including street address (2014-October 2015) - October 2015                                                                                 
    • CHN104967.E - Structure of the public security police; whether witness protection programs exist for those fearing organized crime groups (2014) - October 2014
    • CHN104966.E - Treatment of "ordinary" Christian house church members by the Public Security Bureau (PSB), including treatment of children of house church members (2009-2014) - October 2014
  • The Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Netherlands   
    • Country of origin information report China – July 2020
  • UK Country Policy and Information Note
    • Country Policy and Information Note China: Opposition to the state (Updated) - Mar. 2024

Non-Government Organization Reports

  • Amnesty International
    • Hong Kong: Submission to the Security Bureau on Basic Law Article 23 Legislation Public Consultation Document - Feb. 2024
    • “Like We Were Enemies In A War” China’s Mass Internment, Torture And Persecution Of Muslims In Xinjiang – June 2021
    • How Not To Police A Protest:  Unlawful Use of Force by Hong Kong Police – June 2019
    • China: Submission to the NPC Standing Committee's Legislative Affairs Commission on the draft "Supervision Law" - Dec. 2017
    • China's Deadly Secrets - April 2017
    • China's 2013 Criminal Procedure Law: In line with international standards? - July 2013
    • Justice Denied: Harassment of Sichuan Earthquake Survivors and Activists - May 2009
  • Human Rights Watch
    • “Beat Him, Take Everything Away” Abuses by China’s Chengguan Para-Police - May 2012
    • "We Are Afraid to Even Look for Them" - Enforced Disappearances in the Wake of Xinjiang's Protests - Oct. 2009
    • An Alleyway in Hell": China's Abusive "Black Jails" - November 2009
    • “Walking on Thin Ice” Control, Intimidation and Harassment of Lawyers in China - April 2008
    • "A Great Danger for Lawyer" New Regulatory Curbs on Lawyers Representing Protesters - December 2006
    • In Whose Interest: "State Security" in China's New Criminal Code - April 1997
    • Slamming the Door on Dissent: Wang Dan's Trial and the New "State Security" Era - November 1996
    • Organ Procurement and Judicial Execution in China - August 1994

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Law

US Government Reports

  • Congressional Executive Commission on China - Nov. 2022
  • Library of Congress - Law Library of Congress (LLOC)

Foreign Government Reports

  • Austrailian Migration Review Tribunal - Refugee Review Tribunal
    • CHN38652 - April 2011
      1. Are there any reported instances of selective enforcement of the PFP Law?
      2. Are there any reported instances of unduly harsh punishment for breaches of the PFP Law?
      3. Are Hebei Population and Family Planning implementation details (Promulgated 14 September 2004, Effective 1 November 2004) and Hebei Population and Family Planning Ordinance (Promulgated 18 July 2003, Effective 1 October 2003) still current?
  • Canada Responses to Information Requests (RIRs)
    • CHN104782.E - China: Whether citizens require an exit certificate to be issued by the Public Security Bureau in order to leave the country, including legislation (2013-February 2014) - February 2014

Non-Government Organization Reports

  • Amnesty International
    • Hong Kong: Submission to the Security Bureau on Basic Law Article 23 Legislation Public Consultation Document - Feb. 2024
    • China: Submission to the NPC Standing Committee's Legislative Affairs Commission on the draft "Supervision Law" - Dec. 2017
    • China: Submission to the NPC Standing Committee's Legislative Affairs Commission on the Draft "National Intelligence Law" - June 2017

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Maps

Foreign Government Reports

  • Austrailian Migration Review Tribunal - Refugee Review Tribunal

    1. Please provide a map showing the location of Lingtou Village, Gangtou Town in Fuqing City. If practical, please locate the Gangtou Police Station on that map.

    •  
      1. Please indicate whether a railway line was built in Gongnong Village, Haixou Town, Fuqing City, Fuzhou.
    • CHN36488 - April 2010
      1. Please provide a map showing Liaoyang City, Gongzhuli city and Beijing.
    • CHN36374 - April 2010
      1. Guiyang City, Guizhou Province
        1.1. Please provide a general description of Guiyang and the city's population.
        1.2. What are the distinctive landmarks of the city of Guiyang?
        1.3. What is the distance between Guiyang and Fuqing City?
        1.4. How would you travel between the two cities?
      2. 5. Geography
        5.1. Where are the karst caves?
        5.2. What are the distinctive features of the karst caves?
        5.3. How far are the caves from Guiyang or from Miao villages?
    • CHN36230 - Feb 2010
      1. Please advise whether there a Dongcheng Street in Gaocheng City?
      2. Has urban development taken place there?
      3. What are the rules for compensation?
      4. Is the Shijiazhuang City Government the appropriate authority for this district?
      5. Can you find any reference to Property Development Headquarter Company of Gaocheng?

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Medical Availability

Foreign Government Reports

  • China: Domestic violence, including legislation; state protection; support services available to survivors, including mental health services - Oct. 2022

Non-Government Organization Reports

  • Human Rights Watch Report
    • "My Children Have Been Poisoned" A Public Health Crisis in Four Chinese Provinces - June 2011
    • “Where Darkness Knows No Limits” Incarceration, Ill-Treatment and Forced Labor as Drug Rehabilitation in China - Jan. 2010
    • An Unbreakable Cycle - Drug Dependency, Mandatory Confinement, and HIV/AIDS in China's Guangxi Province - Dec. 2008
    • Restrictions on AIDS Activists in China - June 2005
    • Locked Doors: The Human Rights of People Living with HIV/AIDS in China - September 2003
    • Dangerous Minds: Political Psychiatry in China Today and its Origins in the Mao Era - August 2002

Intergovernmental Organization Reports

  • World Health Organization Page

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Political Figures and Parties

US Government Reports

Foreign Government Reports

  • Canada Responses to Information Requests (RIRs)
    • CHN200322.E - China: China Democracy Party (CDP) [also called the Democracy Party of China], including membership, structure, and leadership; activities; treatment by Chinese authorities of party members and family members (2018–September 2020) – Sept. 2020
  • Austrailian Migration Review Tribunal - Refugee Review Tribunal
    • CHN36460 - April 2010
      1. Do CCP members in the PRC receive documentation of their membership?
      2. Can and do CCP members join patriotic churches in the PRC? If it is not looked well upon in China, what kind of thing might happen?
      3. Does sacking from the CCP always come with some kind of additional repressive action or can people just be expelled?
      4. What are the penalties for travelling out of the PRC on false documents, if discovered?
      5. Upon return to the PRC, would a CCP member be penalised far more onerously than other citizens for having travelled out of the PRC on false documents? Would this be seen as betraying the CCP? Would the authorities simply warn him upon return, or would this be viewed more seriously due to their CCP membership?
  • UK Country Policy and Information Note
    • Country Policy and Information Note China: Opposition to the state (Updated) - Mar. 2024

Non-Government Organization Reports 

  • Human Rights Watch
    • "Nipped in the Bud": The Suppression of the China Democracy Party - 2000

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Refugees / IDPs

US Government Reports

  • Congressional Executive Commission on China - Annual Report:
    • Congressional Executive Commission on China - Nov. 2022
    • North Korean Refugee in China - 2021

Foreign Government Reports

  • International Displacement Monitoring Centre
    • Disaster Displacement In Asia And The Pacific - Sept. 2022
  • The Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Netherlands   
    • Country of origin information report China – July 2020

Non-Government Organization Reports 

  • Freedom House
    • Transnational Repression Report - 2021
  • Human Rights Watch
    • Isolated in Yunnan: Kachin Refugees from Burma in China's Yunnan Province - June 2012
    • Denied Status, Denied Education - Children of North Korean Women in China - April 2008

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Religion

US Government Reports

Foreign Government Reports

  • UK Home Office - Country Information and Guidance
  • Austrailian Migration Review Tribunal - Refugee Review Tribunal
    • CHN38072 -  Feb. 2011
      1. Are you able to provide up to date information on the treatment of Jehovah's Witnesses in the PRC?
    • CHN38003 - January 2011
      1. Please provide general information on the situation for Christian churches in Jilin.
    • CHN37989 - January 2011 
      1. Please advise whether reports indicate that "compulsory re-education classes" or local "brainwashing" classes were utilized by the authorities in Fujian or China more broadly during the period 1988 - 2007 and whether there are any descriptions of such classes being run at schools, in particular as may apply to their discouragement of the Christian faith?
    • CHN37796 - December 2010

    1. How do the authorities in Shenyang City in Liaoning Province regard unofficial Christian churches, particularly small groups of up to 8 people?

    • CHN37779 - December 2010
      1. What is the current situation for house-church Christians in Fuqing particularly and Fujian province more generally?
      2. Are there any reports of house-Church Christians being ill-treated in Gangtou Town, Fuqing City or Fujian province?
      3. deleted
      4. What information is there about the ability of a house church Christian to relocate to another part of China?
    • CHN36767 - June 2010
      1. What is the attitude of authorities in Shenyang City, Liaoning Province, to Christians generally, and to evangelising Christians specifically?
    • CHN36815 - June 2010
      1. Please provide any information about the treatment of unregistered Catholic Church members (ordinary members, those considered leaders and members of the families of leaders) in Jilin Province and in particular Changchun City.
      2. Please provide any available information regarding any difficulties persons arrested/ detained in connection with unregistered Catholic Church activity may have obtaining:a) a passport in Jilin province;b) a police clearance certificate (issued by the Notary Public Office of Changchun City, Jilin Province and exiting China via Changchun airport).
    • CHN38003 - June 2010
      1. Please provide general information on the situation for Christian churches in Jilin
      2. Please provide any available information regarding any difficulties persons arrested/ detained in connection with unregistered Catholic Church activity may have obtaining:
        • a) a passport in Jilin province;
        • b) a police clearance certificate (issued by the Notary Public Office of Changchun City, Jilin Province and exiting China via Changchun airport).
  • Canada Responses to Information Requests (RIRs)
    • CHN200597.E - China: The Church of Almighty God (CAG), also known as "Eastern Lightning" including its leaders, location and activities; treatment of members by authorities; religious texts used; whether all members have access to religious texts (2019–October 2021) - October 2021
    • CHN200760.E - China: Treatment of members of house churches [also known as jiatang churches; jiatang congregations; family churches; home churches; unregistered churches], including Protestant, Catholic, and other Christian house churches, by the authorities; the enforcement of the revised regulation on religious affairs in 2018; legal recourse (2019–October 2021) - October 2021
    • CHN106382.E - China: Update of CHN106256 of 23 September 2019 on the Church of Almighty God (CAG) (quan neng shen jiao; Quannengshen), also known as "Eastern Lightning," including its leaders, location and activities; treatment of members by society and authorities (2014-October 2019) - October 2019
    • CHN106373.E - China: The "Shouters," including origins and founders, core beliefs, activities, and treatment of members by authorities (2017-October 2019) - October 2019
    • CHN106374.E - China: Christian House Churches, including smaller congregations that meet in people's homes; activities and beliefs; treatment of members by authorities, including in Guangdong, Fujian, and Hebei Provinces (2017-October 2019) - Oct 2019
    • CHN106341.E - China: Treatment of Patriotic Christian Churches and church members by authorities, including the Public Security Bureau (PSB) (2016-August 2019) - Aug 2019
    • CHN105840.E - China: Information on the Disciples Society [Association of Disciples, Mentu Hui], including the founder, history, beliefs, and areas of activity; treatment of members by authorities (2015-July 2017) - Oct 2017
    • CHN105966.E - China: Information on the Olive Tree Church in Beijing and in Foshan, Guangdong Province, including founders, history, beliefs and areas of activity; treatment of members by authorities (2013-July 2017) - October 2017
    • CHN104966.E - Treatment of "ordinary" Christian house church members by the Public Security Bureau (PSB), including treatment of children of house church members (2009-2014) - October 2014
    • CHN104970.E - Religious texts used by the Church of the Almighty God (Eastern Lightning) - October 2014
    • CHN104304.E - China: The Church of Almighty God, also known as "Eastern Lightning," including its history, beliefs, and where it is present; treatment of members by government authorities - March 2013
    • CHN104187.E - China: Monitoring of Chinese citizens who practice Falun Gong (Falun Dafa) outside of China; consequences upon return to China (2008-2012) - October 2012
    • CHN103501.E - Situation of Catholics and treatment by authorities, particularly in Fujian and Guangdong (2005 - 2010) - July 2010
    • CHN103500.E - Situation of Protestants and treatment by authorities, particularly in Fujian and Guangdong (2005 - May 2010) - June 2010
    • CHN103303.E - Reports of ill-treatment of Tian Dao (Yiguandao) religious practitioners - December 2009
  • The Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Netherlands   
    • Country of origin information report China – July 2020
  • Non-Government Organizations
    • Human Rights Watch Report
      • “Prosecute Them with Awesome Power” China’s Crackdown on Tengdro Monastery and Restrictions on Communications in Tibet – July 2021
      • State Control of Religion - October 1997 

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Falun Gong

US Government Reports

  • Congressional Executive Commission on China Annual Report -
    • Congressional Executive Commission on China - Nov. 2022

Foreign Government Reports

  • Canada Responses to Information Requests (RIRs)
    • China: Monitoring of Chinese citizens outside of China, including Falun Gong (Falun Dafa) practitioners, by Chinese authorities; consequences upon return to China (2020–September 2022) - October 2022
  • UK Home Office Report - Falun Gong -  Nov. 2020
  • Austrailian Migration Review Tribunal - Refugee Review Tribunal
    • CHN37719 - Nov 2010
      1. Could you please provide an update of any reports of recent arrests in Fushun City or Shenyang of Falun Gong practitioners, particularly on 18 April or 22 April 2010.
      2. Can you provide any information about September parades in Toowoomba which might have Falun gong groups participating? ( eg. carnival of flowers?)
    • CHN36903 - June 2010 
      1. Information available from Falun Gong itself, suggests there was absolutely no problem at a demonstration by Falun Gong practitioners in Beijing on 25 April 1999 - no violence and no arrests. Can you confirm?
      2. In November 2009, did big police vans pick people up off the street, at work, and subject them to a battery of tests, over a number of hours, in order to check out their organs - on the basis they were known Falun Gong practitioners in the past. The Kilgour/Matas claims, even if true, do not support this method of organ harvesting -they refer to Falun Gong people sentenced to death and various institutions. Any reliable reports of this type of police activity?
    • CHN36204 - March 2010
      1. Are persons practising Falun Gong exercises in their home likely to be detained by the police?
      2. What are the processes followed for arresting a person involved in Falun Gong? What are they charged with and under what regulations are they required to make a court appearance?
      3. Is it possible for a bribe to take place for the release of a Falun Gong practitioner and for charges to not be recorded?
    • CHN103769.E - Treatment of Falun Gong practitioners by state authorities; whether state authorities treat Falun Gong leaders differently than other Falun Gong practitioners (2006 - 2011) - June 2011

Non-Government Organization Reports

  • Human Rights Watch
    • Dangerous Meditation: China's Campaign Against Falungong - 2002
  • Ireland Refugee Documentation Center
    • Information required on Falun Gong membership: Information on its activities, objectives, faith, rituals, leadership, membership, history and current situation in China. Information on the treatment of those who are members or are perceived to be members of the group by the government and/or society. Is there free movement within China, would a Falun Gong member experience any legal or practical problems moving within the country? Would police provide protection/services to a Falun Gong member experiencing problems due to his membership? Is membership of the group a criminal offence in China? Is there any information available, on the treatment of Falun Gong members who have returned to China? - July 2009

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Sexual Orientation

US Government Reports

  • Congressional Executive Commission on China Annual Report -
    • Congressional Executive Commission on China - Nov. 2022
    • Acts of Discrimination, Censorship, and Other Abuses Against the LGBTQ Community - 2020

Foreign Government Reports

  • Canada Responses to Information Requests (RIRs)
    • CHN104301.E - China: Treatment of sexual minorities in Guangdong Province, including state protection and support services (2011-February 2013) - Feb 2014
    • CHN104302.E - China: Situation and treatment of sexual minorities, particularly in Guangdong and Fujian; state protection and support services (2011-February 2013) - Oct. 2013

Non-Government Organization Reports

  • Amnesty International - “I Need My Parents’ Consent to be Myself” Barriers to Gender-Affirming Treatments for Transgender People in China – May 2019
  • Human Rights Watch Profile - “Have You Considered Your Parents’ Happiness?” Conversion Therapy Against LGBT People in China - Nov. 2017

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Specific Country Issues - Armed Conflict

US Government Reports

  • US Congressional Research Service
    • Recent Developments at the China-India Frontier - June 2020

Non-Government Organizational Reports

  • International Crisis Group
    • On The Horizon: October 2024-March 2025 - Oct. 2024
    • Scam Centres and Ceasefires: China-Myanmar Ties Since the Coup - Mar. 2024
    • Thin Ice in the Himalayas: Handling the India-China Border Dispute - Nov. 2023
    • Stirring up the south China Sea - April 2012

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Specific Country Issues - Tibet

US Government Reports

  • Congressional Executive Commission on China Annual Report - 2022

Foreign Government Reports

  • Austrailian Migration Review Tribunal - Refugee Review Tribunal
    • CHN38618 - May 2011
      1. What is the current treatment of Tibetan lama in China?
      2. What is the treatment of Tibetan lama returning to China?
      3. i) Is there information to indicate that the passports of overseas Tibetan lama are not being re-issued? ii) Is there information to indicate that the Chinese government is restricting travel of Tibetan lama or tracking them on their return to China?
  • Canada Responses to Information Requests (RIRs)
    • ZZZ200323.E - China, India, Nepal: Situation and treatment of Tibetans in China; treatment of returnees to China, including returnees from India and Nepal (2017–October 2020) – Oct. 2020
    • ZZZ105134.E - India, Nepal, and China: Return of Tibetans from India and Nepal to China, including treatment of Tibetan returnees by Chinese authorities; return of Tibetans from China to Nepal and India (2013-April 2015) - May 2015
    • CHN104827.E - Ability of ethnic Tibetans who are Chinese citizens to obtain passports from inside of China and from embassies abroad (August 2013-September 2013) - March 2014
    • CHN101133.E - The "Green Book" issued to Tibetans; how it is obtained and maintained, and whether holders enjoy rights equivalent to Indian citizenship - April 2006

Non-Government Organization Reports

  • Freedom House
  • Human Rights Watch Report
    • “Prosecute Them with Awesome Power” China’s Crackdown on Tengdro Monastery and Restrictions on Communications in Tibet – July 2021
    • China's “Bilingual Education” Policy in Tibet Tibetan-Medium Schooling Under Threat - March 2020
    • “Illegal Organizations” China’s Crackdown on Tibetan Social Groups - July 2018
    • Relentless: Detention and Prosecution of Tibetans Under China’s Stability Maintenance” Campaign - May 2016
    • One Passport, Two Systems - China’s Restrictions on Foreign Travel by Tibetans and Others - July 2015
    • China's Forbidden Zones: Shutting the Media out of Tibet and Other "Sensitive" Stories - July 2008
    • "No One Has the Liberty to Refuse" - Tibetan Herders Forcibly Relocated in Gansu, Qinghai, Sichuan, and the Tibet Autonomous Region - June 2007
    • China and Tibet: Profiles of Tibetan Exiles - 1999
  • World Directory of Minorities - Tibetans profile

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Specific Country Issues - Hong Kong

US Government Report

  • Library of Congress - Law Library of Congress (LLOC)
    • Family Reunification Laws in Selected Jurisdictions - July 2014
  • Congressional Executive Commission on China Annual Report
    • Congressional Executive Commission on China - Nov. 2022
  • US Congressional Research Service
    •  Hong Kong: Key Issues in 2021 – Dec. 2020
    • Hong Kong’s Legislative Council (Legco) –  Dec. 2019
    • Hong Kong: Recent Development and U.S. Relations - Jan. 2020
    • Hong Kong’s Proposed Extradition Law Amendments - Aug 2019
    • Prospects for Democracy in Hong Kong: Results of the 2012 Elections - Sept 2012

Foreign Government Reports

  • UK Country Policy and Information Note
    • China: Hong Kong National Security Law – Sept. 2021
  • Canada Responses to Information Requests (RIRs)
    • ZZZ200577.E - China, Hong Kong, and the United Kingdom: Changes in China's recognition of the British National Overseas (BNO) [British National (Overseas) (BN(O))] passport for Hong Kong residents (2020–March 2021) – March 2021
    • CHN105571.E - China: Whether flights between mainland China and Hong Kong or Macau are considered by authorities to be international flights (2014-August 2016) - Aug. 2016
  • The Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Netherlands   
    • Country of origin information report China – July 2020

Non-Government Organization Reports

  • Recent Elections
  • University of Texas at Austin - Map Collection
  • Amnesty International Profiles
    • Hong Kong: Submission to the Security Bureau on Basic Law Article 23 Legislation Public Consultation Document - Feb. 2024
    • Hong Kong: In The Name Of National Security Human Rights Violations Related To The Implementation Of The Hong Kong National Security Law – June 2021
    • Hong Kong: Missing Truth, Missing Justice - The Case and International Legal Framework for the Establishment of a Commission of Inquiry into the 2019 Protest - March 2020
  • Human Rights Watch 
    • “We Can’t Write the Truth Anymore” Academic Freedom in Hong Kong Under the National Security Law - Sept. 2024

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Specific Country Issues - Fujian Province

US Government Reports

  • Congressional Executive Commission on China Annual Report -
    • Congressional Executive Commission on China - Nov. 2022

Foreign Government Reports

  • Austrailian Migration Review Tribunal - Refugee Review Tribunal
    • CHN38219 - February 2011
      1. Is there such a place as Dalian island in Fujian province?
      2. Is there any country information that the people who live on Dalian Island are all Christians who belong to underground Christian churches?
      3. Is there any country information that from 2008 underground Christian churches on that island were demolished for the purpose of real estate development or for any purpose?
      4. Is there any country information that the underground church in Yuxian village was demolished in December 2009?
      5. Are there any official Chinese Christian churches on that island?
      6. How does the Chinese government treat Christians in underground churches on that island? Are they able to practice their religion?
    • CHN38077 - January 2011
      1. If the family returned to China, what fines would family planning officials impose on the parents for the three children born in Australia? (Fuijian)
    • CHN37989 - January 2011
      1. Please advise whether reports indicate that "compulsory re-education classes" or local "brainwashing" classes were utilized by the authorities in Fujian or China more broadly during the period 1988 - 2007 and whether there are any descriptions of such classes being run at schools, in particular as may apply to their discouragement of the Christian faith?
    • CHN37863 - December 2010
      1. Please comment on the application of the one-child policy in Fuqing, and in Shanghai prior to 2001 and currently.
        One-Child Policy in Shanghai prior to 2001
        Current One-Child Policy in Shanghai
        One-Child Policy in Fujian
      2. Please advise of any known groups or individuals operating in Fuqing or Shanghai in relation to protesting the one child policy or assisting women who were victim to it.
      3. Please comment on the probability that a person being able to legally depart China from Fujian province, who had been subject to family planning penalties and had actively protested against the one-child policy and assisted its victims.
    • CHN37814 - November 2010
      1. Please advise whether there have been any significant changes in the treatment of the Christian Assembly church since 2007. (Fuijian)
    • CHN36250 - February 2010
      1. Please provide information on forced abortion in Fujian Province.
    • CHN36164 - February 2010
      1. Are there any reports on the petitioning or demonstrating by citizens against local/district level government corruption in Putian or Fujian, and treatment of them by police and the authorities? Please provide information on what may happen more generally in China to such people.
      2. Are petitioners/demonstrators against government corruption detained for around 15 days for disturbing public order? If so, what are circumstances surrounding such detention?
      3. What are the repercussions for someone who fails to report to police as required by a formal order?
    • CHN36011 - January 2010
      1. How is the social compensation fee calculated for unmarried couples from Fuqing City (in Fujian Province) whose child is born outside of China?
      2. What impact does the failure to register a child have on the child (eg. access to services)? What would the cost of private services be?
      3. Is the child likely to face any social/state discrimination/ harm on the basis of being born outside China or out of wedlock, even if his parents pay a social compensation fee to have him registered? If so, what type of harm/ discrimination is he likely to face?
      4. What forms of discrimination or harm is a child born out of wedlock likely to face in Fuqing City, including social and state sanctioned discrimination.
    • CHN36072 - January 2010
      1. Please advise any details known about typhoons affecting Pingtan Town, Fujian Province in 2000 and in 2004, and any information about damage to oyster farms and relief given to persons affected by the typhoons.
      2. Please advise any information known about unregistered churches in Pingtan Town, Fujian Province in 2004 and 2005 and the attitude of the local government towards persons attending these churches.
    • CHN36020 - January 2010 
      • Christians in Fujian Province
  • Canada Responses to Information Requests (RIRs)
    • CHN106400.E - China: Whether Family Planning authorities, including in Guangdong and Fujian provinces, enforce the two-child policy through forced abortions, sterilization, and other birth control methods; information on measures taken against parents who fail to register additional children, including fines (replaces CHN106235 of 1 October 2019) - Dec. 2019
    • CHN43031.E - Information on the 2002 family planning regulations for the provinces of Fujian and Guangdong, including their impact on married and unmarried women, on couples returning from overseas, and on rural families in Guangdong who are now subject to a single hukou classification system; copies of the regulations (2002-2004) - February 2005
    • CHN43017.E - Whether a resident of Fujian province has the ability to move elsewhere in the province without taking out a temporary resident permit (November 2004) - November 2004
    • CHN33638 - Protestants and Protestantism in China; treatment of Protestants; relations between the registered Three Patriotic Self Movement (TPSM) churches and unregistered churches; differences between Protestant forms of worship in China and elsewhere; differences in practice between the TPSM churches and house churches; beliefs, practices, holidays and ceremonies; update to CHN33002.EX of 8 October 1999 regarding Christians in Fujian province - February 2000

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Specific Country Issues - Treatment of Returnees

US Government Reports

  • Congressional Executive Commission on China Annual Report
    • Congressional Executive Commission on China - Nov. 2022

Foreign Government Reports

  • Canada Responses to Information Requests (RIRs)
    • CHN201173.E - China: Monitoring of Chinese citizens outside of China, including Falun Gong (Falun Dafa) practitioners, by Chinese authorities; consequences upon return to China - October 2022
    • CHN105635.E - China: Monitoring of Chinese citizens who practice Falun Gong (Falun Dafa) outside of China; consequences upon return to China (2013-September 2016) - October 2016
    • CHN100385.E - Penalties faced by couples returning from overseas who are in violation of family planning regulations (2001-2005) - Aug 2005
    • CHN43520.E - The possibility for an adult male returning from overseas, who was abused as a child by his father in China, to relocate to a new residence of his own and obtain a new hukou , or to move to another city to start working, if his father objects to either move (2003-2005) - May 2005
  • Austrailian Migration Review Tribunal - Refugee Review Tribunal
    • CHN36418 - March 2010
      1. Please provide information on the treatment of overseas Chinese who return to the PRC, with a view to whether such treatment may amount to serious harm.

Non-Government Organization Reports

  • Ireland Refugee Documentation Center
    • Information regarding any problems faced by failed asylum seekers upon their return to China. Is there an increased risk for members of the Uighur ethnic group? - Dec 2010
    • Information relating to the arrests of Chinese nationals retuning to China from a foreign country who have breached the one child policy while living in a foreign country. How do the Chinese authorities treat Chinese nationals returning to China who have breached the one child policy while in a foreign country? - November 2010

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Specific Country Issues - Coercive Population Control

US Government Reports

  • Congressional Executive Commission on China Annual Report
    • Congressional Executive Commission on China - Nov. 2022

Foreign Government Reports

  • UK Home Office - Country Policy and Information Note China: Contravention of national population and family planning laws - May 2022
  • Austrailian Migration Review Tribunal - Refugee Review Tribunal
    • CHN38652 - April 2011
      1. Are there any reported instances of selective enforcement of the PFP Law?
      2. Are there any reported instances of unduly harsh punishment for breaches of the PFP Law?
      3. Are Hebei Population and Family Planning implementation details (Promulgated 14 September 2004, Effective 1 November 2004) and Hebei Population and Family Planning Ordinance (Promulgated 18 July 2003, Effective 1 October 2003) still current?
    • CHN38303 - March 2011
      1. What would the approximate fine be for each child born in breach of the Hebei Family Planning laws?
      2. Is there any country information regarding the imposition of any other form of penalty in Hebei in addition to the fines or in the event that the fines could not be paid (such as forced sterilization)?
      3. Could any applicable fines be paid in instalments?
    • CHN38059 - February 2011
      1. Are there any reports of forced tubal ligation of a mother following the birth of one child in Hebei? Do the relevant family planning regulations raise this possibility?
      2. What fee would be payable in Hebei to register a first child born out of wedlock?
      3. Could such a fee be paid in instalments and over a period of time?
      4. Is there usually a committee in regard to local family planning issues or is one person in charge? Would there be any official interest in preventing a corrupt family planning official blackmailing parents to either pay more or forcing tubal ligation? How could such a corrupt official be reported?
    • CHN37998 - January 2011
      1. Please provide an outline of how the family planning laws are applied in Henan Province in 2010, including forced abortions, any special rules applying where the first child is a girl, and whether fines are applied.
      2. How often are maternity checks undertaken in Henan province?
      3. Please provide any information available about women who have already had a female child being subjected to forcible abortions during maternity check-ups or otherwise.
      4. Would the forced abortion be the only 'consequence' of the second pregnancy or would there be an additional consequence of 'forced sterilisation'? If so, to which party is the forced sterilisation normally applied?
      5. What would be the likelihood of the authorities pursuing a wife for forced sterilisation once her husband had left the country?
      6. Are there any 'centralised' records kept on people who are wanted by the local authorities for outstanding sterilisation procedures? If so, would a husband find it difficult to leave the country?
    • CHN37863 - December 2010
      1. Please comment on the application of the one-child policy in Fuqing, and in Shanghai prior to 2001 and currently.
        One-Child Policy in Shanghai prior to 2001
        Current One-Child Policy in Shanghai
        One-Child Policy in Fujian
      2. Please advise of any known groups or individuals operating in Fuqing or Shanghai in relation to protesting the one child policy or assisting women who were victim to it.
      3. Please comment on the probability that a person being able to legally depart China from Fujian province, who had been subject to family planning penalties and had actively protested against the one-child policy and assisted its victims.
    • CHN36267 - March 2010
      1. Has the one child policy been relaxed in the Guangdong Province?
      2. If the child's parents return to their village what is the likely fee (fine) they will have to pay to obtain a hukou for the child?
      3. Is the child able to obtain Chinese citizenship?
  • Canada Responses to Information Requests (RIRs)
    • CHN200325.E - China: Family planning regulations and their implementation, including applying to have a third child, both nationally and provincially, particularly in Fujian and Guangdong (2017–October 2020) – Oct. 2020
    • CHN106400.E - China: Whether Family Planning authorities, including in Guangdong and Fujian provinces, enforce the two-child policy through forced abortions, sterilization, and other birth control methods; information on measures taken against parents who fail to register additional children, including fines (replaces CHN106235 of 1 October 2019) - Dec. 2019

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Specific Country Issues - Political Prisoners

Speech / Press / Internet

US Government Reports

  • Congressional Executive Commission on China - 2022
  • Congressional Research Service (CRS)
    • China, Internet Freedom, and U.S. Policy - June 2012
    • China, Internet Freedom, and U.S. Policy - July 2012

Foreign Government Reports

  • Austrailian Migration Review Tribunal - Refugee Review Tribunal
    • CHN36158 - February 2009
      1. Is there a newspaper in circulation called Northern Weekend?
  • Canada Responses to Information Requests (RIRs) -
    • CHN104762.E - China: The Public Security Bureau (PSB) Golden Shield Project, including implementation and effectiveness; Policenet, including areas of operation; level and effectiveness of information sharing by the authorities (2010- February 2014) - March 2014
    • CHN101060.E - Internet censorship, including state regulations, technical control, enforcement, and methods used to avoid censorship (2005 - 2006) - March 2006
  • UK Country Policy and Information Note
    • Country Policy and Information Note China: Opposition to the state (Updated) - Mar. 2024

Non-Government Organization Reports

  • Amnesty International
    • Hong Kong: Submission to the Security Bureau on Basic Law Article 23 Legislation Public Consultation Document - Feb. 2024
  • Freedom House
  • Human Rights Watch
    • “You Will Be Harassed and Detained” Media Freedoms Under Assault in China Ahead of the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games - Aug 2007
    • "Race to the Bottom" Corporate Complicity in Chinese Internet Censorship - Aug. 2006

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Timeline

Trafficking

US Government Reports

Foreign Government Reports

  • Country Policy and Information Note – China:  Modern Slavery – Jan. 2021

Non-Government Organization Reports

  • Human Rights Watch Profiles -
    • “Give Us a Baby and We’ll Let You Go” Trafficking of Kachin “Brides” from Myanmar to China – March 2019

Intergovernmental Organization Reports

  • United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime - Global Report on Trafficking in Persons - Eastern Europe and Central Asia - 2009

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Terrorism

US Government Reports

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Torture

Foreign Government Reports

  • Austrailian Migration Review Tribunal - Refugee Review Tribunal
    • CHN36882 - July 2010
      • Please describe the conditions for Christians in Liaoning province in 2000 and currently.
      • Please provide information on the treatment of Christians in labour camps. In particular, is brainwashing and torture a common feature of this experience?

Non-Government Organization Reports

  • Human Rights Watch

    • "Special Measures" - Detention and Torture in the Chinese Communist Party's Shuanggui System - Dec. 2016

    • Tiger Chairs and Cell Bosses - Police Torture of Criminal Suspects in China - June 2015

Updated October 11, 2024