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Republic of India

Citizenship and Country Documents

US Government Reports

  • State Department - Country Documents
  • Library of Congress - Law Library of Congress (LLOC)
    • Family Reunification Laws in Selected Jurisdictions - July 2014

Foreign Government Reports

  • UK Country Reports - Country Information and Guidance - India: Background information, including actors of protection- Jan. 2019
  • Canada Responses to Information Requests (RIRs)
    • IND200495.E - India: Exit controls and security measures for Indian citizens leaving the country, including use of computerized identity verification; information sharing between police, security and airport officials, including access to the Crime and Criminal Tracking Network and Systems (CCTNS); travel restrictions placed upon persons of interest to authorities; instances where persons wanted by the police, including those with suspected ties to militants, were able to leave the country (2018–February 2021) - March 2021
    • IND106289.E - India: Requirements and procedures for tenant registration (or tenant verification), including implementation, particularly in Delhi, Mumbai, Kolkata and Bengaluru – May 2019
    • IND106095.E - India: Requirements and procedures to obtain the Aadhaar number; use of the Aadhaar, including in accessing housing, employment and private and public services; whether authorities use Aadhaar registration to track individuals across the country (2017-April 2018) - May 2018
    • IND106101.E - India: Socio-economic profile of Bengaluru, Chennai, Delhi, Hyderabad, Kolkata, Ludhiana, Mumbai, including population, demographics and economy; tenant registration requirements (2016-April 2018) - May 2018
    • IND106024.E - India: Requirements and procedures to change one's name under the Tatkaal passport application scheme, including the difference between a major and a minor change of name; police verification of Tatkaal applications (2015-November 2017) - Dec. 2017
    • IND105783.E - India: Requirements and procedures to obtain a death certificate, particularly in the state of Punjab, including whether these certificates are accessible online (2008-April 2017) - May 2017
    • IND105139.E - India: Procedure to obtain an affidavit within India, including whether it needs to be certified by a notary (2012-April 2015) - May 2015
    • IND104841.E - Status of the National Register of Indian Citizens (NRIC) and the Multi-purpose National Identity Cards (MNICs) - May 2014
    • IND104530.E - Citizenship recognition for Indian-born children of Tibetan refugees in the context of the 22 December 2010 Delhi High Court Ruling; whether it has become procedural or if it requires legal action (2011-August 2013) - Aug. 2013
    • IND103724.E - The 22 December 2010 Delhi High Court ruling that Namgyal Dolkar, a Tibetan woman born in India, is entitled to claim Indian citizenship by birth, as per the Citizenship Act - Apr. 2011
    • IND103701.E - Countries that do not require Indian citizens to obtain an entry visa; of these countries, which are signatories to the United Nations' 1951 Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees and have a refugee determination system - Feb. 2011
    • IND102466.E - Procedure to register a transport company; whether permits are required to transport goods between different states, particularly Jammu and Kashmir; procedure for clearance at checkpoints of state borders; whether the driver must travel with an assistant and whether both require licenses; whether income tax registration is mandatory - May 2007
    • IND102462.E - Procedure to obtain an affidavit within India, including whether it needs to be certified by a notary - May 2007
    • IND102478.E - Whether a person who previously held Indian citizenship and is now a citizen of another country is eligible to re-acquire Indian citizenship, or is eligible to be registered as an Overseas Citizen of India (OCI); whether a foreign citizen charged with military desertion can re-acquire Indian citizenship or be registered as an OCI and enjoy the rights associated with this status - Apr. 2007
    • IND102031.E - The Permanent Account Number (PAN) card; procedure to obtain a PAN; whether a PAN can be obtained by an individual outside of India and procedure for doing so; whether the applicant can submit his/her own photograph and requirements of the photograph submitted by an applicant - Nov. 2006
    • IND101964.E - Whether an application for a Canadian visa made at one of Canada's missions in India needs to be completed prior to submission or whether an official at the mission can provide assistance in completing the application; in the case of the former, whether the completed application would be verified by mission staff upon submission - Nov. 2006
    • IND100658.E - Issuance procedures and physical description of voter's cards, ration cards, birth certificates and driver's licenses; whether the distribution of new driver's licenses is complete; whether 16-page booklet driver's licenses are still being used by the general population - Dec. 2005

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National Identity Cards

Foreign Government Reports

  • Canada Responses to Information Requests (RIRs)
    • IND104841.E - Status of the National Register of Indian Citizens (NRIC) and the Multi-purpose National Identity Cards (MNICs) - May 2014

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Passports

Foreign Government Reports

  • Canada Responses to Information Requests (RIRs)
    • IND105497.E - India: Treatment by authorities of Indian citizens who are deported back to India, who return without a valid passport and/or who are suspected of having requested refugee status while abroad (2013 May 2016) - May 2016
    • IND104840.E - Issuance procedures for passports, both within the country and abroad - May 2014
    • IND103449.E - Electronic passports (e-passports), including usage and availability Research Directorate, Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada, Ottawa - Apr.2010

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Fraudulent Documents

Foreign Government Reports

  • Canada Responses to Information Requests (RIRs)
    • IND104839.E - Availability and prevalence of fraudulent identity documents, including membership cards of political parties (2011-April 2014) - May 2014

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Children

US Government Reports

Non-Government Organization Reports

  • Human Rights Watch
    • "Treated Worse than Animals" Abuses against Women and Girls with Psychosocial or Intellectual Disabilities in Institutions in India - December 2014
    • “They Say We’re Dirty” Denying an Education to India’s Marginalized - Apr. 2014

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Corruption

Not Available

Disabilities

Elections

US Government Reports

  • Congressional Research Service (CRS)
    • India's New Government and Implications for U.S. Interests - Aug 2014

Non-Government Organization Reports


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Ethnic Groups / Minorities / Race / Castes

Foreign Government Reports 

  • UK Border Agency Country of Origin Information (COI) Report - 'Scheduled' Castes and Tribes - Nov. 2021

Non-Government Organization Reports 

  • Minority Rights Group International
    • State of the World's Minorities and Indigenous Peoples - 2016, 2015

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Ethnic Groups / Race / Castes - Caste

Not Available

Ethnic Groups / Race / Castes - Hakka

Not Available

Ethnic Groups / Race / Castes - Nagas

Gender

Foreign Government Reports

  • Austrailian Migration Review Tribunal - Refugee Review Tribunal
    • IND37679 - Country Advise - Nov. 2010 
      1. What is the definition of domestic violence in Indian law?
      2. Can men, by definition, be subjected to domestic violence, and therefore claim protection though the legal system from domestic violence?
      3. What does country information indicate about the prevalence of domestic violence against men in India?
      4. Is there information that raises the issue of discrimination against Indian men who have brought shame upon their wives? families?
      5. What country information is available concerning false dowry cases being brought against husbands or men in India?
      6. Does the information provide the motivation behind such cases: e.g. revenge, retribution, an illegal means of making money?
      7. Does the information indicate that a man subjected to serious harm by his wife's family would be unable to seek redress against the perpetrators of the harm he fears through the Indian police and legal system?
      8. Does country information indicate that a man who has had a false dowry case brought against him would be unable to seek redress against the perpetrators of the harm he fears through the Indian police and legal system?
      9. Is there information available that people would not be able to obtain police protection if they are poor and cannot bribe police?
  • Canada Responses to Information Requests (RIRs)
    • IND104430.E - Whether women who head their own households without male support can obtain housing and employment in Delhi, Mumbai and Chandigarh; government support services available to female-headed households in these cities; violence against women in these cities (2008-2011) - May 2013
  • UK Country Reports - Country Information and Guidance
    • India: Women fearing gender-based violence - Nov. 2022

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Human Rights

US Government Reports

Foreign Government Reports

  • Canada Responses to Information Requests (RIRs)
    • IND201495.E - The socio-economic situation in Bengaluru [Bangalore], Chennai, Delhi, Hyderabad, Kolkata [Calcutta], Ludhiana, Mumbai, and Thiruvananthapuram, including demographics, employment rates, economic sectors, and crime rates, as well as access to education, health care, and housing (2021–May 2023) - Nov. 2023
    • IND104064.E - Treatment of Dera Sacha Sauda practitioners by political parties, society and government authorities - May 2012

Non-Government Organization Reports

  • Amnesty International Reports 
    • Death Sentences and Executions - 20212020
  • Amnesty International Profiles
    • India: Clouds of Injustice – Bhopal Disaster 20 Years On - Mar. 2024
    • India: “If you speak up, your house will be demolished”: Bulldozer injustice in India - Feb. 2024
    • Weaponizing Counterterrorism: India’s exploitation of terrorism financing assessments to target the civil society - Sept. 2023
    • Asia and the Pacific: “Pandemic or not, we have the right to live”: The urgent need to address structural barriers undermining transgender people’s rights across Asia and the Pacific - Nov. 2022
    • “We are Being Punished By The Law” – Three Years of Abrogation of Article 370 in Jammu & Kashmir - Sept. 2022
  • Freedom House
  • Human Rights Watch - 2022, 2021, 2020, 20192018201720162015, 2014, 2013, 2012, 2011 
    • “These Fellows Must Be Eliminated” Relentless Violence and Impunity in Manipur - Sept. 2008

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Justice System

Foreign Government Reports

  • UK Country Reports - Country Information and Guidance - 

Non-Government Organization Reports

  • Amnesty International
    • Weaponizing Counterterrorism: India’s exploitation of terrorism financing assessments to target the civil society - Sept. 2023
    • “We are Being Punished By The Law” – Three Years of Abrogation of Article 370 in Jammu & Kashmir - Sept. 2022
  • Human Rights Watch
    • “Everyone Blames Me” Barriers to Justice and Support Services for Sexual Assault Survivors in India - Nov. 2017
    • “Bound by Brotherhood” India’s Failure to End Killings in Police Custody - Dec. 2016
    • Stifling Dissent: The Criminalization of Peaceful Expression in India - May 2016
    • The "Anti-Nationals:" Arbitrary Detention and Torture of Terrorism Suspects in India - Feb. 2011
    • Dignity on Trial: India's Need for Sound Standards for Conducting and Interpreting Forensic Examinations of Rape Survivors - Sept. 2010
    • Broken System: Dysfunction, Abuse, and Impunity in the Indian Police - 2009
    • Protecting the Killers: A Policy of Impunity in Punjab, India - Oct. 2007

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Law

US Government Reports

  • Library of Congress - Law Library of Congress (LLOC)
    • Family Reunification Laws in Selected Jurisdictions - July 2014
  • United States Commission on International Religious Freedom
    • USCIRF Releases New Report on India’s State-Level Anti-Conversion Laws - March 2023

Non-Government Organizations Reports

  • Human Rights Watch Reports
    • “Shoot the Traitors” Discrimination Against Muslims under India’s New Citizenship Policy - April 2020

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Maps

Foreign Government Organization Reports

  • UK Country Reports - Country Information and Guidance - India: Internal Relocation – Maps – Jan. 2019

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Medical Availability

Non-Government Organization Reports

  • Amnesty International Profiles
    • Asia and the Pacific: “Pandemic or not, we have the right to live”: The urgent need to address structural barriers undermining transgender people’s rights across Asia and the Pacific - Nov. 2022

Political Figures and Parties

US Government Reports

Foreign Government Reports

  • Canada Responses to Information Requests (RIRs)
    • IND105525.E - India: Information on the party All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam (AIADMK), its structure, including selection of representatives and leaders; appearance, and content of membership cards, and process to obtain one (2012-May 2016) - May 2016
  • United Kingdom Home Office
    • Country Policy and Information Note India: Political parties and affiliation - Dec. 2023

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Refugees / IDPs

Foreign Government Reports

  • Canada Responses to Information Requests (RIRs)
    • ZZZ103665.E - Whether Tamils living in India are repatriating to Sri Lanka, including the procedure to repatriate and support services available to those wishing to repatriate - Feb. 2011
    • IND33125.EX - Situation of Tibetan refugees and those not recognized as refugees; including legal rights and living conditions - Dec. 1999

Non-Government Organization Reports

  • Internal Displacement Monitoring Centre
    • Severity of internal displacement Report - Nov. 2021

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Religion

US Government Reports

Foreign Government Reports

  • Austrailian Migration Review Tribunal - Refugee Review Tribunal
    • IND35189 - July 2009 
      1. What is the attitude of the Indian government towards marriages between Muslims (particularly Shi'a and Ismaili Muslims) and Hindus?
      2. Are there any restrictions on the ability of couples to enter into mixed marriages (for example, having to be a particular age or requiring family consent)?
      3. Is there any evidence which would suggest that Indian authorities (in Mumbai in particular) are unable or unwilling to protect parties to mixed marriages against harm at the hands of disgruntled family members?
      4. Are there any statistics about the incidence of Hindu-Muslim marriages in India? Are there any particular areas with a higher than average incidence of such marriages?

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Christians

Foreign Government Reports


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Muslims

Not Available

Sikhs

Foreign Government Reports

  • Canada Responses to Information Requests (RIRs)
    • IND106294.E - India: Situation of Sikhs outside the state of Punjab, including treatment by authorities and society; ability of Sikhs to relocate within India; treatment of Khalistan supporters or perceived supporters outside of Punjab (2017-October 2019) - Dec. 2019
    • IND106097.E - India: Treatment of political activists and members of opposition parties in Punjab; treatment of perceived supporters of Sikh militancy by authorities (2017-April 2018) - June 2018
    • IND105132.E - India: Treatment of Sikhs in Punjab (2013-April 2015) - May 2015

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Sexual Orientation

Non-Government Organization Reports

  • Amnesty International Profiles
    • Asia and the Pacific: “Pandemic or not, we have the right to live”: The urgent need to address structural barriers undermining transgender people’s rights across Asia and the Pacific - Nov. 2022

Specific Country Issues - Jammu and Kashmir

Intergovernment Organization Reports

  • International Crisis Group
    • Raising the Stakes in Jammu and Kashmir – Aug. 2020

Non-Government Organization Reports

  • Amnesty International
    • “We are Being Punished By The Law” – Three Years of Abrogation of Article 370 in Jammu & Kashmir - Sept. 2022
    • "Denied": Failures in accountability for human rights violations by security force personnel in Jammu and Kashmir - July 2015
  • Human Rights Watch
    • "Everyone Lives in Fear": Patterns of Impunity in Jammu and Kashmir - Sept. 2006

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Specific Country Issues - Maoists (Naxalites)

Non-Government Organization Reports

  • Human Rights Watch
    • Between Two Sets of Guns? - Attacks on Civil Society Activists in India's Maoist Conflict - July 2012
    • "Being Neutral Is Our Biggest Crime": Government, Vigilante, and Naxalite Abuses in Chhattisgarh State - July 2008

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Specific Country Issues - Punjab

Foreign Government Reports

  • Canada Responses to Information Requests (RIRs)
    • IND106294.E - India: Situation of Sikhs outside the state of Punjab, including treatment by authorities and society; ability of Sikhs to relocate within India; treatment of Khalistan supporters or perceived supporters outside of Punjab (2017-October 2019) - Dec. 2019
    • IND105783.E - India: Requirements and procedures to obtain a death certificate, particularly in the state of Punjab, including whether these certificates are accessible online (2008-April 2017) - May 2017

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Specific Country Issues - Tibetans

Foreign Government Reports

  • Canada Responses to Information Requests (RIRs)
    • IND105798.E - India: The Delhi High Court decision of 22 September 2016, on the rights of Tibetans to citizenship and access to passports, including implementation (August 2016-April 2017) - May 2017

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Speech / Press / Internet

Non-Government Organization Reports

  • Amensty International
    • “We are Being Punished By The Law” – Three Years of Abrogation of Article 370 in Jammu & Kashmir - Sept. 2022
  • Freedom House

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Timeline

Trafficking

US Government Reports

Non-Government Organization Reports

  • Human Rights Watch
    • Rape for Profit: Trafficking of Nepali Girls and Women to India's Brothels - Oct. 2000

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Terrorism

US Government Reports

Non-Government Organization Reports

  • Amnesty International
    • Weaponizing Counterterrorism: India’s exploitation of terrorism financing assessments to target the civil society - Sept. 2023

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Torture

Foreign Government Reports

  • Canada Responses to Information Requests (RIRs)
    • IND106099.E - India: Extrajudicial detention, including instances of torture by authorities; state response and recourse available to victims; documents issued to persons detained or interrogated by police (2016-April 2018) - May 2018

Non-Government Organization Reports

  • Human Rights Watch
    • The "Anti-Nationals:" Arbitrary Detention and Torture of Terrorism Suspects in India - Feb. 2011
  • Amnesty International
    • Briefing on the Prevention of Torture Bill - Oct. 2010

Updated October 9, 2024