U.S. Department
of Justice
Republic of Kenya
US Government Reports
- State Department - Country Documents
Foreign Government Reports
- Canada Responses to Information Requests (RIRs)
- KEN201277.E - Kenya: National identity cards, including purpose and challenges to obtaining the card; requirements and procedures to obtain or replace the card from within the country and abroad; availability and prevalence of fraudulent cards; cases of state and non-state actors tracking individuals using their national identity cards (2021–July 2023) - Augt. 2023
- KEN105671.E - Ability of refugees with a refugee identity card to travel outside Kenya; whether such travel affects refugee status or card renewal; ability to reinstate status - Nov. 2016
- KEN104136.E - Kenya: Requirements and procedures for the spouse of a Kenyan citizen to obtain citizenship; whether someone who lived in Kenya and was married to a Kenyan citizen for over seven years, but whose spouse died, has the rights to Kenyan citizenship - Aug. 2012
- KEN101653.E - Explanation of entry and exit stamps and immigration notations found in passports - Oct. 2006
- KEN100302.E - Documentation required and procedures to be followed by a parent wishing to travel abroad with a minor child in the absence, or without the consent, of the second parent - Jul. 2005
US Government Reports
- Department of Labor - Findings on the Worst Forms of Child Labor - 2022, 2021, 2020, 2019, 2018, 2017, 2016, 2014, 2013
Foreign Government Reports
- Canada Responses to Information Requests (RIRs)
- KEN100302.E - Documentation required and procedures to be followed by a parent wishing to travel abroad with a minor child in the absence, or without the consent, of the second parent - Jul. 2005
Non-Government Organization Reports
- Coalition to Stop the use of Child Soldiers - Child Soldiers Global Report - 2008
- Human Rights Watch Profiles
- Needless Pain: Government Failure to Provide Palliative Care for Children in Kenya - Sept. 2010
- A Question of Life or Death - Treatment Access for Children Living With HIV in Kenya – Dec. 2008
- "In the shadow of death: HIV/AIDS and Children's Rights in Kenya"-June 2001
- SPARE THE CHILD: Corporal Punishment in Kenyan Schools - 1999
Foreign Government Reports
- Austrailian Migration Review Tribunal - Refugee Review Tribunal
- KEN34144 - Dec. 2008
- Please provide any information on the protection of "whistle-blowers", who expose corruption in the Kenyan government.
- KEN34144 - Dec. 2008
- Canada Responses to Information Requests (RIRs)
- KEN101592.FE - Kenya: Corruption within the government and the police force (2002 - August 2006) - Sept. 2006
Foreign Government Reports
- Austrailian Migration Review Tribunal - Refugee Review Tribunal
- Canada Responses to Information Requests (RIRs)
- KEN42243.E - The Catholic Justice and Peace Commission (CJPC) in Nairobi; its activities, objectives, executive members and advocacy work, and the name of the chairman of the national youth section; whether the CJPC was involved in a conflict in December 2001 between the Nubi and Luo communities of Kibera, and whether the Green Belt Movement was also involved; situation of the CJPC following the December 2002 national elections - Jan. 2004
Non-Government Organization Reports
- Human Rights Watch – 2022, 2021, 2020, 2019, 2018, 2017, 2016, 2015, 2014, 2013, 2012, 2011
- Human Rights Watch Profiles
- “They Were Men in Uniform” Sexual Violence against Women and Girls in Kenya’s 2017 Elections - Dec. 2017
- "Kill Those Criminals” Security Forces Violations in Kenya’s August 2017 Elections – Oct. 2017
- "Not Worth the Risk" - Threats to Free Expression Ahead of Kenya's 2017 Elections - May 2017
- High Stakes - Political Violence and the 2013 Elections in Kenya - Feb. 2013
- “Turning Pebbles” Evading Accountability for Post-Election Violence in Kenya – Dec. 2011
- Ballots to Bullets - Organized Political Violence and Kenya's Crisis of Governance – Mar. 2008
- International Crisis Group
- Ireland Refugee Documentation Center
- Information on post election violence and consequences in Kenya - Jan. 2011
Foreign Government Reports
- Canada Responses to Information Requests (RIRs)
- KEN106090.E - The Mungiki group, including organizational structure, leadership, membership, recruitment and activities; the relationship between the government and the group, including protection offered to its victims - Apr. 2018
- KEN103428.E - Kenya: Treatment of the Hindu Pattni community from India; whether Hindu Pattni are considered wealthy and therefore targeted; whether state protection is available to the Hindu community - Mar. 2010
- KEN101593.FE - Protection offered by the state to people targeted by members of a sect or by devil worshippers; the governments official position on sects (2004 - Aug. 2006) - Sept. 2006
- KEN43248.E - Information on the Kisii tribe, including customs, rituals and traditions; relationship between members of the Kisii and members of other tribes; relationship between persons who have left the Kisii tribe and members of the Kisii tribe; relationship between members of the Kisii and society in general (2004) - Jan. 2005
- Norwegian Country of Origin Information Centre (Landinfo)
- Mungiki – Abusers or abused? - Jan. 2010
Non-Government Organization Reports
- Minority Rights Group International
- World Directory of Minorities - Overview
Foreign Government Reports
- Austrailian Migration Review Tribunal - Refugee Review Tribunal
- KEN35127 - July 2009
- Have ethnic Indians in Kenya been targeted or are ethnic Indians being targeted by violence? If so, by whom (e.g. a particular tribe/political group?).
- Please provide any information which addresses the issue of whether or not ethnic Indians in Kenya have been or are being targeted, especially for the period December 2007 to now.
- KEN35127 - July 2009
- Canada Responses to Information Requests (RIRs)
- KEN100466.FE - Situation of people of Indian origin; whether Sikhs are treated differently than other people of Indian origin; state protection available to people of Indian origin (September 2002 - September 2005) - Sept. 2005
- KEN103281.E - Kenya: Situation of persons of Indian origin; in particular, businessmen in Nairobi and Kisumu; whether there have been any reports of attacks against or looting of Indian businesses in these cities; availability of state protection (2007-2009) - Oct. 2009
Foreign Government Reports
- Austrailian Migration Review Tribunal - Refugee Review Tribunal
Foreign Government Reports
- Austrailian Migration Review Tribunal - Refugee Review Tribunal
- KEN38226 - Mar. 2011
- Is there continuing ethnic tension in Kenya between the Kikuyu and Luo tribes?
- To what extent do members of the Luo tribe suffer discrimination or harm from members of the Mungiki or from Kikuyu people generally?
- What is the situation in this regard in the Mathare area of Nairobi?
- Are there other areas of Nairobi or Kenya where people of the Luo tribe might be safe from tribal violence?
- KEN36753 - June 2010
- Is there evidence to suggest that a woman from the Luo tribe who cannot work as a teacher because she is not qualified enough will also be denied medical treatment because she is unemployed and will be discriminated against in society generally and particularly in employment.
- KEN38226 - Mar. 2011
- Canada Responses to Information Requests (RIRs)
- KEN100286.E - Whether a circumcised male of the Luo ethnic group would face repercussions from other members of the group and if so, the nature of the these repercussions and the availability of state protection - June 2005
Foreign Government Reports
- Austrailian Migration Review Tribunal - Refugee Review Tribunal
- KEN38226 - Mar. 2011
- Please provide information on the treatment of single women and their children by the state and by Kenyan society generally.
- What protection is available to single women who might fear harm (including circumcision) or discrimination?
- KEN36753 - June 2010
- Is there evidence to suggest that a woman from the Luo tribe who cannot work as a teacher because she is not qualified enough will also be denied medical treatment because she is unemployed and will be discriminated against in society generally and particularly in employment.
- KEN38226 - Mar. 2011
- Canada Responses to Information Requests (RIRs)
- KEN202019.E - Gender-based violence (GBV), particularly domestic violence, including treatment of survivors by society and authorities; state protection and support services available to survivors, particularly in Nairobi (2022–October 2024) - Oct. 2024
- KEN202020.E - Kenya - Situation and treatment of single women and of women who head their own households by society and authorities, including their ability to live on their own and access housing, income and employment, health care, and support services, particularly in Nairobi (2022–September 2024) - Oct. 2024
- KEN200668.E - Situation and treatment of single women and of women who head their own households, including their ability to live on their own and access housing, income, health care, and support services, particularly in Nairobi (2019–June 2021) - July 2021
- KEN200665.E - Kenya: Domestic violence; legislation; state protection and support services available, especially in Nairobi (2019–June 2021) - July 2021
- KEN101589.FE - The situation of women, including whether the practice of forced or arranged marriages exists and whether any laws punishing sex crimes exist - Aug. 2006
- KEN100271.FE - Domestic violence; organizations and other resources for battered women; government programs, legislation and state protection available to women who are victims of domestic violence and their family members - July 2005
- KEN100287.E - Whether being a male victim of a rape would lead the public to believe one is a homosexual - Jun. 2005
- KEN42875.E - Kenya: Whether forced marriage occurs outside the practice of "early forced marriage" or "wife inheritance"; whether an adult Kenyan woman can be forced to marry a husband selected by her parents; consequences for refusal; availability of state protection (2001-2004) - Aug. 2004
Non Government Organization Reports
- Amnesty International
- We are facing extinction: Escalating anti-LGBTI sentiment, the weaponization of law and their human rights implications in select African countries - Jan. 2024
- Human Rights Watch Profiles
- "I Had Nowhere to Go’: Violence against Women and Girls during the Covid-19 Pandemic in Kenya,”– Sept. 2021
- “Once You Get Out, You Lose Everything” Women and Matrimonial Property Rights in Kenya - June 2020
- “They Were Men in Uniform” Sexual Violence against Women and Girls in Kenya’s 2017 Elections - Dec. 2017
- “I Just Sit and Wait to Die” Reparations for Survivors of Kenya’s 2007-2008 Post-Election Sexual Violence - Feb. 2016
- "I Am Not Dead, But I Am Not Living" - July 2010
- Double Standards: Women's Property Rights Violations in Kenya - Mar. 2003
US Government Reports
- State Department Country Reports on Human Rights Practices - 2023, 2022, 2021, 2020, 2019, 2018, 2017, 2016, 2015, 2014, 2013, 2012, 2011, 2010, 2009, 2008, 2007, 2006, 2005, 2004, 2003, 2002, 2001, 2000, 1999
- Congressional Research Service (CRS) report
- Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): Impact in Africa - April 2022
Foreign Government Reports
- Canada Responses to Information Requests (RIRs)
- KEN106172.E - Accessibility of postal services for undocumented migrants, particularly from Somalia - Sept. 2018
- KEN101588.FE - The state of the country, including the political situation, human rights, tribal conflicts and the cause of those conflicts - Aug. 2006
- KEN100268.E - Information on an organization called Release Political Prisoners, including its current status and membership, the names of its officers, and whether its members are being targeted by the state - Jul. 2005
- KEN42855.FE - Conditions in the country, including human rights and the current political situation (September 2003 - August 2004) - Aug. 2004
- UK Home Office Country Information and Guidance
Non-Government Organization Reports
- Amnesty International
- Amnesty International Annuals Reports:
- We are facing extinction: Escalating anti-LGBTI sentiment, the weaponization of law and their human rights implications in select African countries - Jan. 2024
- The State of African Regional Human Rights Bodies and Mechanisms 2019-2020 - Oct. 2020
- Submission to the United Nations Human Rights Committee for the 105th Session of the Human Rights Committee - 2012
- The Unseen Majority - Nairobi's Two Million Slum-Dwellers - 2009
- Freedom House
- Human Rights Watch Annual Reports - 2025, 2024, 2023, 2022, 2021, 2020, 2019, 2018, 2017, 2016, 2015, 2014, 2013, 2012, 2011
- Human Rights Watch Profiles
- “Unchecked Injustice” Kenya’s Suppression of the 2023 Anti-Government Protests - Nov. 2024
- “They Just Want to Silence Us” - Abuses Against Environmental Activists at Kenya’s Coast Region - Dec. 2018
- “There is No Time Left” Climate Change, Environmental Threats, and Human Rights in Turkana County, Kenya – Oct. 2015
- Kenya's Unfinished Democracy: A Human Rights Agenda for the New Government - Dec. 2002
- Old Habits Die Hard: Rights Abuses Follow Renewed Foreign Aid Commitments - July 1995
- International Crisis Group
- Absorbing Climate Shocks and Easing Conflict in Kenya’s Rift Valley - Apr. 2023
Foreign Government Reports
- Austrailian Migration Review Tribunal - Refugee Review Tribunal
- KEN31420 - Feb. 2007
- What is the general level of state protection in Kenya?
- Are the authorities still pursuing suspects from the 1997 Mombasa riots?
- Are there penalties in Kenya for using false names/identities?
- KEN31420 - Feb. 2007
- Canada Responses to Information Requests (RIRs)
- KEN200669.E - Types of affidavits used, including differences between court-issued and notary-issued affidavits; requirements and procedure for the issuance of affidavits; availability of fraudulent affidavits (2019–June 2021) - July 2021
- KEN101589.FE - Corruption within the government and the police force - Aug. 2006
Non-Government Organization Reports
- Amnesty International
- We are facing extinction: Escalating anti-LGBTI sentiment, the weaponization of law and their human rights implications in select African countries - Jan. 2024
- Human Rights Watch Profiles
Non-Government Organization Reports
- Amnesty International Report
- Covid-19 Crackdowns - Police Abuse and the Global Pandemic - Dec. 2020
- Ireland Refugee Documentation Center
- Information on psychological and medical care in Kenya - Mar. 2009
- Human Rights Watch Profiles
- “We Are All Vulnerable Here” - Kenya’s Pandemic Cash Transfer Program Riddled With Irregularities – July 2021
US Government Reports
- RIC Report
- What is the status of the Safina party and how are its members treated? - Jul. 1999
- What were the circumstances of the 1990 murder of Dr. Robert Ouko, former minister of foreign affairs and international cooperation? - Jul. 1999
- Austrailian Migration Review Tribunal - Refugee Review Tribunal
Non-Government Organization Reports
- Human Rights Watch Profiles
- Playing With Fire - Weapons Proliferation, Political Violence, and Human Rights in Kenya - May 2002
- International Crisis Group
International Government Organization Reports
- United Kingdom High Commissioner For Refugees
- Regional Bureau for East and Horn of Africa, and the Great Lakes; IGAD Region; Population of Concern to UNHCR; as of 30 September 2024 - Oct. 2024
Foreign Government Reports
- Austrailian Migration Review Tribunal - Refugee Review Tribunal
- KEN33716 - Aug. 2008
- Are there any reports of disturbances, violence or any indication that the situation in Eldoret or other areas could result in outbreaks of further violent conflict similar to that which occurred in December 2007-January 2008?
- KEN33716 - Aug. 2008
- Canada Responses to Information Requests (RIRs)
- KEN105671.E - Ability of refugees with a refugee identity card to travel outside Kenya; whether such travel affects refugee status or card renewal; ability to reinstate status - Nov. 2016
- ZZZ103868.E - Somalia/Kenya: Somali citizens who live in Kenyan refugee camps, including information on employment, education, health services and identity documentation - Nov. 2011
- KEN42871.FE - Follow-up to KEN42671.FE of 15 June 2004 on the rights of a person who has obtained refugee status in Kenya, including the right to travel outside Kenya, the validity period of the refugee status, and the circumstances under which a person can lose that status (Aug. 2001-July 2004) - Jul. 2004
Non-Government Organization Reports
- Amnesty International
- Human Rights Watch Profiles
- "You Are All Terrorists" - Kenyan Police Abuse of Refugees in Nairobi - May 2013
- “Welcome to Kenya” - Police Abuse of Somali Refugees – Jun. 2010
- From Horror to Hopelessness “Kenya’s Forgotten Somali Refugee Crisis” – Mar. 2009
- Hidden in Plain View: Refugees Living Without Protection in Nairobi and Kampala - Nov. 2002
- Failing the Internally Displaced: The UNDP Displaced Persons Program in Kenya - Jun. 1997
- Internal Displacement Monitoring Centre
- Norwegian Refugee Council
- Formalisation of refugee-led groups in Dadaab - Nov. 2023
US Government Reports
- State Department International Religious Freedom Report - 2022, 2021, 2020, 2019, 2018, 2017, 2016, 2015, 2014, 2013, 2012, 2011, 2010, 2009, 2008, 2007, 2006, 2005, 2004, 2003, 2002, 2001
- United States Commission on International Religious Freedom Special Report
- Religious Freedom Concerns for Followers of African Traditional and Indigenous Religions - Apr. 2023
Foreign Government Reports
- Austrailian Migration Review Tribunal - Refugee Review Tribunal
- KEN31420 - Feb. 2007
- Would a person accused of killing a police officer be afforded state protection sufficient to ensure that they can defend themselves against the charges?
- If a person's family threatens to kill them, for converting to Christianity, will they have access to protection from the state?
- KEN31420 - Feb. 2007
Foreign Government Reports
- UK Border Agency Country of Origin Information (COI) Report -
- Sexual orientation and gender identity and expression - February 2025
- Sexual orientation and gender identity and expression - April 2020
- Austrailian Migration Review Tribunal - Refugee Review Tribunal
- KEN38789 - Aug. 2011
- What is the specific offence (if any) with which a person would be charged if accused of being a homosexual man, or engaging in male same-sex sexual activity, in Kenya?
- What is the specific offence (if any) with which a person would be charged if accused of being a lesbian, or engaging in female same-sex sexual activity, in Kenya?
- KEN38008 - Jan. 2011
- Please provide background information on the bisexual and homosexual community in Kenya, including estimates of proportion / population.
- Please provide information on the current laws on bisexuality and homosexuality in Kenya, including whether it is illegal to be bisexual or homosexual and the penalty for conviction of an offence under the relevant laws. Please also include information on the enforcement of the laws by the relevant authorities.
- KEN38789 - Aug. 2011
- Canada Responses to Information Requests (RIRs)
- KEN200667.E - Situation of persons with diverse sexual orientation and gender identity and expression (SOGIE), including their treatment by society and state authorities; state protection and support services (2019–July 2021) - July 2021
- KEN101591.FE - The attitude of society in general, and of government authorities in particular, toward homosexuals (2005- August 2006) - Aug. 2006
- KEN43366.E - The treatment of homosexuals by authorities and by society in general (November 2002 - February 2005) - Feb. 2005
- KEN100287.E - Whether being a male victim of a rape would lead the public to believe one is homosexual - Jun. 2005
Non-Government Organization Reports
- Amnesty International
- Human Rights Watch Profiles
- The Issue is Violence - Attacks on LGBT People on Kenya's Coast – Sept. 2015
- Ireland Refugee Documentation Center
- Information on the legal status of lesbians in Kenya - Jan. 2011
- Treatment of persons by the police who are homosexual - Sept. 2009
Foreign Government Reports
- Canada Response to Information Requests (RIRs)
- KEN104194.E - The Sabaot Land Defense Force (SLDF), including its leaders, structure, level of activity, and the treatment of members of this
organization by the government (2008-2012) - Sept. 2012 - KEN101588.FE - The state of the country, including the political situation, human rights, tribal conflicts and the cause of those conflicts. - Aug. 2006
- KEN104194.E - The Sabaot Land Defense Force (SLDF), including its leaders, structure, level of activity, and the treatment of members of this
Non-Government Organization Reports
- Armed Conflict Report
- Human Rights Watch Profiles
Foreign Government Reports
- UK Border Agency Country of Origin Information (COI) Report
- Austrailian Migration Review Tribunal - Refugee Review Tribunal
- KEN38226 - Mar. 2011
- Do the Mungiki or the Kikuyu tribe practice female circumcision?
- Are there any reports of Luo women being circumcised or threatened with circumcision by members of the Mungiki or the Kikuyu tribe?
- KEN37004 - Jan. 2011
- Do the authorities protect people threatened with female genital mutilation?
- KEN38226 - Mar. 2011
- Canada Responses to Information Requests (RIRs)
- KEN43321.FE - The practice of female genital mutilation (FGM); state protection available to victims and to ethnic groups among which the practice is prevalent - Feb. 2005
Non-Government Organization Reports
- Ireland Refugee Documentation Center
- Information on the current situation and treatment of women in relation to FGM - Oct. 2009
Foreign Government Reports
- Austrailian Migration Review Tribunal - Refugee Review Tribunal
- KEN37736 - Dec. 2010
- Who are the Mungiki?
- KEN37991 - Jul.2010
- Is there any information to suggest that Muslim Nubian gangs operate without hindrance in places such as Kisumu?
- KEN37004 - Jul. 2010
- Are the Mungiki known to be active in these areas?
- KEN34510 - Mar. 2009
- Please provide information on the profile of those who join or are recruited to the Mungiki. Is there evidence that Mungiki engage in social development type work?
- KEN34320 - Jan. 2009
- Please advise if the Mungiki demonstrated in Ruiru on or around 26 December 2007?
- Is the Mungiki largely Islamic?
- Do the National Youth Alliance issue membership cards with the word Mungiki on them?
- KEN37736 - Dec. 2010
- Canada Responses to Information Requests (RIRs)
- KEN104629.E - The Sungu Sungu group, including activities and areas of operation; actions taken by authorities against the group; state protection available to victims (2010-2013) - Nov. 2013
- KEN104594.E - The Mungiki sect, including organizational structure, leadership, membership, recruitment and activities; the relationship between the government and sects, including protection offered to victims of devil worshippers and sects, such as the Mungiki (2010-October 2013) - Nov. 2013
- KEN103225.E - The Mungiki sect; leadership, membership and recruitment, organizational structure, activities and state protection available to its victims - Oct. 2007
- KEN101593.FE - Protection offered by the state to people targeted by members of a sect or by devil worshippers; the government's official position on sects - Aug. 2006
- KEN43322.FE - The Mungiki (Munguki) cult, including its organizational structure, its leaders, its criminal activities, and the state protection available to victims of this cult (June 2002 - February 2005) - Feb. 2005
Non-Government Organization Reports
- Human Rights Watch Report
- "We Were Sent to Kill You" - Gang Attacks in Western Kenya and the government's Failed Response - April 2014
Foreign Government Reports
- Austrailian Migration Review Tribunal - Refugee Review Tribunal
- KEN31420 - Feb. 2007
- Are failed asylum seekers returning to Kenya targeted or harmed by the authorities?
- KEN31293 - Jan. 2007
- Can you provide information about the treatment of failed asylum seekers returning to Kenya, including those who departed illegally? Is there any evidence that the authorities impute a political opinion to failed asylum seekers and subject them to harm by reason of this imputation?
- KEN30721 - Sept. 2006
- KEN31420 - Feb. 2007
US Government Reports
- United States Commission on International Religious Freedom (USCIRF)
- Apostasy, Blasphemy, and Hate Speech - Intersection of Blaspemy and Hate Speech in Africa - Dec. 2019
Non-Government Organization Reports
- Amnesty International
- We are facing extinction: Escalating anti-LGBTI sentiment, the weaponization of law and their human rights implications in select African countries - Jan. 2024
- Freedom House
US Government Reports
Intergovernmental Organization Reports
- United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime - Global Report on Trafficking in Persons - 2009
US Government Reports
Non-Government Organization Reports
- Human Rights Watch Profiles
- International Crisis Group
- Al-Shabaab Five Years after Westgate: Still a Menace in East Africa - Sept. 2018
Updated April 30, 2025