Information

PHILLIP H. WARREN
BARBARA J. NELSON
MARC SIEGEL
MICHAEL L. SCOTT
NIALL E. LYNCH
Antitrust Division
U.S. Department of Justice
450 Golden Gate Avenue
Box 36046, Room 10-0101
San Francisco, CA 94102
Telephone: (415) 436-6660

Attorneys for the United States

The United States of America, acting through its attorneys, charges

1. JUNGBUNZLAUER INTERNATIONAL AG and RAINER BICHLBAUER are made defendants on the charge stated below.

2. Beginning in or about July 1991 until June 27, 1995, the defendants and co-conspirators entered into and engaged in a combination and conspiracy to suppress and eliminate competition by fixing the price and allocating the market shares of citric acid that each company would sell in the United States and elsewhere. The combination and conspiracy, engaged in by the defendants and co-conspirators, was in unreasonable restraint of interstate trade and commerce in violation of Section 1 of the Sherman Act (15 U.S.C. § 1).

3. The charged combination and conspiracy consisted of a continuing agreement, understanding, and concert of action among the conspirators, the substantial terms of which were:

1. to agree to fix and maintain prices and to coordinate price increases for the sale of citric acid in the United States and elsewhere; and
2. to agree to allocate market share among major producers of citric acid in the United States and elsewhere.

4. For the purpose of forming and carrying out the charged combination and conspiracy, the defendants and co-conspirators did those things that they combined and conspired to do, including, among other things:

1. participating in meetings and conversations to discuss the prices and sales of citric acid sold in the United States and elsewhere;
2. agreeing, during those meetings and conversations, to charge prices at certain levels and otherwise to increase and maintain prices of citric acid sold in the United States and elsewhere;
3. agreeing, during those meetings and conversations, to allocate the market share among major producers of citric acid in the United States and elsewhere;
4. issuing price announcements and price quotations in accordance with the agreements reached; and
5. participating in meetings and conversations to discuss prices and sales of citric acid sold in the United States and elsewhere, and exchanging information on sales of citric acid in the United States and elsewhere, for the purpose of monitoring and enforcing adherence to the agreed-upon prices and market shares.

5. JUNGBUNZLAUER INTERNATIONAL AG ("JUNGBUNZLAUER") is a corporation organized and existing under the laws of Switzerland. RAINER BICHLBAUER is the Prasident des Verwaltungsrates (a position roughly equivalent to the President of a U.S. corporation but with more direct reporting to the directors) of JUNGBUNZLAUER. JUNGBUNZLAUER exported to North America citric acid manufactured by an affiliated JUNGBUNZLAUER company. During the period covered by this Information, JUNGBUNZLAUER and RAINER BICHLBAUER were engaged in the business of producing,selling, and distributing citric acid to customers in the United States and elsewhere.

6.Various corporations and individuals,not made defendants in this Information, participated as co-conspirators in the offense charged herein and performed acts and made statements in furtherance of it.

7. Whenever in this Information reference is made to any act, deed, or transaction of any corporation, the allegation means that the corporation engaged in the act, deed,or transaction by or through its officers, directors, employees, agents, or other representatives while they were actively engaged in the management, direction, control, or transaction of its business or affairs.

III.

8. Citric acid is an organic acid used in various food products and beverages, cosmetics, medicine, detergents, chemicals and textiles.

9. During the period covered by this Information, the defendants and co-conspirators sold and distributed citric acid in a continuous and uninterrupted flow of interstate commerce to customers located in states other than the states or countries in which the defendants and co-conspirators produced citric acid.

10. The business activities of the defendants and co-conspirators that are the subject of this Information were within the flow of, and substantially affected, interstate trade and commerce.

11. The combination and conspiracy charged in this Information was carried out, in part, in the Northern District of California, within the five years preceding the filing of this Information.

ALL IN VIOLATION OF TITLE 15, UNITED STATES CODE, SECTION 1.

Dated: