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In a criminal contempt action the United States had the burden of proving each of the elements of the offense beyond a reasonable doubt. See Bloom v. Illinois, 391 U.S. 194, 205 (1968); Gompers v. Bucks Stove and Range Co., 221 U.S. 418, 444 (1911); Falstaff Brewing Corp. v. Miller Brewing Co., 702 F.2d 770, n. 1 (9th Cir. 1983); United States v. Columbia Broadcasting System, 497 F.2d 107 (5th Cir. 1974); Peterson, 456 F.2d 1135 (10th Cir. 1972).
[cited in JM 9-39.000]